PC 

2111 

14/8 








(Iass_ 
Book. 



PRESENTED BY 



FRENCH 

CONVERSATIONAL 








Y > 91 



Tout homme a deux pays, 
le sien, et puis la France. 

Henri de Bornier. 



Modern Languages by Modern Methods 

DUSSAULT'S 

CONVERSATIONAL METHOD 

OF 

FRENCH 

(Revised Edition) 

BY 

PROFESSOR CESAR DUSSAULT, L. L. 

Active member of the "Association Phonetique," 

Correspondent of the "Academie Nationale Argentine," 

Appointed Officier de l'Academie 1917. 



NOTE: Every educated and well-bred citizen of the 
U. S. should master the thirty lesson French course 
contained in this book and when he has done so, he will 
have a thorough foundation knowledge of the French 
language. I sincerely and conscientiously believe that 
there is not another book on the market at any price 
which so thoroughly meets the requirements of English 
speaking students as this volume. — Cesar Dussault. 



PHILADELPHIA 

DAVID McKAY COMPANY 

WASHINGTON SQUARE 






(V 



COPYRIGHT, 1918 

BY 

CESAR DUSSAUL'i 



ALL schools or private teachers, who use this book 
are strictly pronibitedto make use of my name 
without my formal, written authorization. Such 
authorization will be granted only to those who pass 
satisfactorily an examination, which will prove that 
they master perfectly the language, that they are able 
to impart knowl edge and that they are thoroughly 
familiar with my direct conversational method of teach- 
ing French. Cesar Dussault. 




PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 



PREFACE 

It is a well known and widely recognized fact that 
American students who study French for years, fre- 
quently under the direction of most able teachers, 
very rarely attain a degree of practical fluency in 
speaking that language. 

Nowadays when the social and commercial inter- 
course with our sister republic, that martyr among 
nations — FRANCE — is constantly increasing, our schools 
and colleges should aim at more practical results than 
have been hitherto attained. 

It is no longer sufficient to teach the student the 
grammatical rules of French and acquaint him with 
the classic literature of France; it is of no use what- 
soever to have a student study for two, three, and fre- 
quently ten years, different French grammars, manuals, 
and vocabularies, and show him how to parse, analyze, 
conjugate, decline, etc., if at the end of all that study 
the student is not able to ask in French for a glass of 
water when he is thirsty. Of what use is a perfect 
knowledge of all grammatical French rules to the 
tourist who after five years' study of the best French 
grammars can scarcely ask for his common necessities, 
or fails to understand the simple utterances of a hotel 
porter? As we can never become musicians by only 
studying solfeggio and the theory of music and its 
history, so we can never hope to become practical 
linguists by the mere study of grammar. 

How A Language Should Be Taught 

Is there anybody today able to talk Latin or Greek? 
No; and if not, why not? Because Latin and Greek, 
only learned with the sole purpose of reading and 
translating the old classic literature, is taught by the 



antiquated methods of grammatical study and trans- 
lating exercises, but not by direct conversation. 

This direct method is masterfully applied to the 
study of modern languages and more especially so 
in such an easy, and phonetic language as French. 
Prof. Cesar Dussault and his staff of professors teach 
by direct conversation, with the aid of objects, ac- 
customing the pupil from the first moment to think 
in the language he studies. They do not teach the 
pupil to think so much about each single word, nor to 
search in the recesses of his memory for the proper 
equivalents of his language, nor to weigh the dif- 
ferent grammatical rules which may or may not 
govern a certain construction, but what they do teach 
is the living language, pulsating with everyday reality 
and life. 

Learn French as Your Mother Taught You English 

The child uses no book, no interpreter and no 
grammar; he does not know the difference between a 
noun and an adjective; he understands nothing about 
the principles of grammar; yet without thinking at 
all, through direct conversation with his mother he 
enunciates the sounds correctly, and in a few short 
weeks is capable to chatter and express quite correctly 
every physical wish, although his vocabulary often 
times does not exceed five hundred and seldom one 
thousand words. 

Nature has endowed the child with some subtle 
instinct by which he selects no word which is not 
of absolute and immediate importance. The proper 
selection of the vocabulary of common life is the 
greatest distinguishing feature of the Dussault Con- 
versational Method. 

The Dussault Conversational Method in 30 lessons 
covers a vocabulary of 2,400 words and 200 idioms 
strictly chosen from and absolutely sufficient for the 
common occurrences of everyday life. In one word: 
The pupil is led to think in French and not to think 
about his French. 

The Dussault Conversational Method is entirely 
practical. You will find in it sentences like: "Give 

6 



me a glass of water"; "I will allow you 50 per cent dis- 
count on the merchandise I sent you"; but you will not 
find "interesting" facts as given in a well-known 
American grammar that "an Australian policeman, son 
of a German widow, had bought a crocodile to manu- 
facture with its skin a pocket-book for his aunt who 
lives in Calcutta." 

The Dussault Conversational Method follows na- 
ture's own way: 

1. While some grammars teach nothing but theory, 
this method lays the greatest stress on practical 
mastery. 

2. When many so called Conversational French 
Methods give nothing but a number of ill-arranged 
French Conversations and sneer at any grammatical 
study, this method gives as much of the grammar as 
must necessarily be known for all practical purposes. 

3. While others again do not distinguish between 
the language of literature and that of everyday life, 
ths method gives the common vocabulary first and 
leaves literature for the advanced courses. 



THE SEVEN CARDINAL SINS 
OF THE TEACHER 

I have no intention of saying to any professor or 
instructor, "Thou shalt do this and thus," but it may 
be useful to know how the author has used this book in 
form of leaflets during ten years in the schoolroom, 
teaching over 17,000 adults and 3,000 children suc- 
cessfully. 

In teaching adults never forget the following points: 

(1.) Do not try to make the pupil learn by heart a 
dry grammatical rule. Teach him two or three con- 
vincing and clear examples and by the example the 
pupil will learn and remember the rule. 

(2.) During the first ten lessons write the vocabu- 
lary on the blackboard or use specially prepared charts. 

(3.) Bear in mind that it is not you but the pupil 
who has to learn to speak. Speak as little as possible 
yourself, but make the pupil speak. 

(4.) Join the gesture to the word whenever possible, 
but take care that the gesture be precise and clearly 
comprehensible in its signification. You will thus 
attain surprising results as the two most important 
senses of the pupil, the ear and the eye, shall be called 
into play and shall be constantly kept working during 
the lesson. 

(5.) Never attempt to begin a new lesson without a 
previous general brief repetition of the preceding lesson. 
The pupil likes these repetitions for they make him 
realize that he really knows now what he only attempted 
to know before, and at the same time permits the 
teacher to feel the pulse of his class; i.e., to ascertain 
that the class has perfectly mastered the preceding 
lessons and is ready for new knowledge. 

(6.) When a sentence to be taught is too long or 
complicated, divide it previously into small clauses and 

8 



make preparatory questions before posing the definite 

question which will provoke the desired answer, i.e., 

the long, complicated sentence. 
Example: 

Sentence to be taught: 

Le commercant dicte une lettre a sa steno- 
graphe pour un client qui demeure a Cuba. 
Preliminary questions and answers! 

Teacher: — Comment appelle-t-on un homme qui fait 
le commerce? 

Class: — Un commercant. 

Teacher: — On l'appelle un commercant. (Repetez 
s'il vous plait!) 

Class: — On l'appelle un commercant. 

(Teach conjugation of "Appeler and irregularity of 

double 1 before "e" mute.) 

Teacher: — Qu'est-ce que le commercant dicte? 

Class: — II dicte une lettre. 

Teacher: — Le commercant ecrit-il la lettre? 

Class: — Non, le commercant n'ecrit pas la lettre, il 
dicte la lettre. 

Teacher: — A qui dicte-il la lettre? 

Class: — A sa stenographe. 

Teacher: — Whole sentence please! The merchant dic- 
tates a letter to his stenographer. Traduisez s'il 
vous plait! 

Class: — Le commercant dicte une lettre a sa steno- 
graphe. 

Teacher: — La lettre, a qui est-elle adressee? 

Class: — A un client. 

Teacher: — This is "to a client." How would you say 
"to the client?" 

Class: — Au client. 

Teacher: — "for a client?" 

Class: — Pour un client. 

Teacher: — Ou demeure le client? 

Class: — Le client demeure a Cuba. 

Definite question: 

Teacher: — A qui et pour qui le commercant dicte- 
t-il la lettre? 

Class: — Le commercant dicte une lettre a sa steno- 
graphe pour un client. 



Teacher: — The merchant ^dictates a letter to his 
stenographer for a client who lives in Cuba. 
Traduisez, s'il vous plait, en parlant lentement 
mais correctement et articulez distinctement. 
Class: — Le commereant dicte une let t re a sa steno- 
graphe pour un client, qui demeure a Cuba. 
(7.) The diffidence, the hesitation common to all 
beginners, stumbling block which so many have vainly 
made it their aim to overcome, can only be conquered 
by making the class talk in UNISON at least during 
the first twenty lessons. By this means the pupil 
gets the necve (if I may use the expression) and 
acquires the CONFIDENCE, which is the essential 
requisite to enable a person to SPEAK a foreign 
language. 



10 






INTRODUCTION 

The French Alphabet, according to the French 
Academy, comprises twenty-six letters, including the 
letter "w," which occurs only in words of foreign 
origin. 

THE ALPHABET 



French 


Approximate 


French 


Approximate 


Alphabet. 


Pronunciation. 


Alphabet. 


Pronunciation 


a 


ah 


n 


enn 


b 


bay 





o 


c 


say 


P 


pay 


d 


day 


q 


ku 


e 


a (as in gray) 


r 


err 


f 


eff 


s 


ess 


g 


(ge as in gentle) 


t 


tay 


h 


ash 


u 


ii 


i 


ee 


V 


vay 


J 


jee 


w 


doobl-vay 


k 


kah 


X 


iks 


1 


ell 


y 


ee-grek 


m 


emm 


z 


zed 



Capitals, in French as well as in English, are used 
at the beginning of a sentence and in proper names. 
Nevertheless the adjectives derived from proper 
names do not take the capital letter nor do the names 
of the days and of the months. The pronoun "je" 
(/) requires a small letter. 

Je suis parti de la France le 8 novembre dernier, et 
de nouveau, mardi prochain, je foulerai le bien-aime 
sol francais. 

I have left France on the 8th of last November and 
again next Tuesday shall I set foot on the beloved 
French soil. 



11 



PRONUNCIATION 

When reading, on the next pages, the clear and com- 
plete table of French sounds with their nearest equiva- 
lent sound in English, one must bear in mind that it is 
only possible to approximately represent the French 
sounds by a letter or a combination of letters as they 
are pronounced in English. For the exact pronuncia- 
tion the pupil must avail himself of the living voice of 
the Professor as per Professor Dussault's system. 



CONSONANTS 

Consonants not mentioned here have the same sound 
as in English. 

C has two sounds. 

I. Soft C sounds like the English hard 5, before 
e, i, y, and before a, o, u, when marked with a cedilla (c) : 
Ex: ceci, cynique, facade, lecon, recu. 

II. Hard C sounds like K 

(a) before a, o, u, : Ex. : car, ecole, cuir, 

(b) before the consonants /, r, and z: 
Ex. : climat, croire, czar, 

(c) at the end of words: Ex.: lac, sec, avec. 
Exceptions: In "reine claude" and in "second" 

and derivatives, c is pronounced like g. 

Ch has equally two sounds : 

I. Soft ch is equivalent to the English digraph 
"sh". Ex.: charme, cher, chose, chute. 

II. hard ch is pronounced like k. 

(a) before a consonant: Christ, Utrecht, 

(b) in Italian proper nouns: Machiavel, 
Michel Ange; 

(c) in many proper nouns: Chanaan; 

(d) in words derived from the Greek: chaos, 
bacchante. 

12 



G has two sounds: 

I. Hard g is pronounced before a, o, u or before I 
or r like the English g in game: 

Ex.: garcon, gomme, regie, grand, guide, gue. 
In the last two examples the letter u is silent and 
serves only to indicate the hard sound of g before e or 
i. However in some words u forms a diphthong with 
e or i, as in: aiguille linguiste, arguer. 

G is generally mute at the end of words: 

Ex.: long, vingt, doigt. 
When linking a final g to a word beginning with a 
vowel or mute h, g takes the sound of k: 

Ex.: un long hiver, (pronounce lon-kiver) 
sang illustre, (pronounce san-killustr). 

II. Soft g before e, i, y, has the sound of the English 
5 in pleasure. Ex. : gentil, gilet, gymnase. 

The hard g is rendered soft before a, o, u by inserting 
the silent letter e between g and a, o, u; Ex. : il mangea, 
geole, gageure. 

Gn is pronounced like the English ni in onion between 
two vowels: Ex.: oignon, agneau, vigne. 

Gn is pronounced like English gn in gnash at the 
beginning of a word. Ex: gnome, gnide. 

H is never sounded. It is either mute or aspirate. 
When h is deemed aspirate, it is treated like a conso- 
nant: i.e., when the preceding word ends with a vowel, 
that vowel is always pronounced; if it ends with a con- 
sonant, that consonant is never linked to the vowel 
that follows the h: 

Ex.: Des w hommes et des femmes. (h mute: linking). 
C'est tres haut. (h aspirate: no linking.) 

J is always soft like s in pleasure. 

Q is always followed by u except when final and is 
sounded generally like k: qualite, que, qui. 

In a few words, when forming diphthong, qu sounds 
like English qu in Quaker. Ex.: equateur, aquarelle, 
Quirinal. 

13 



S has two sounds: 

I. Hard s or ss like the English s in sister is heard 
in the beginning and in the middle of a word when 
preceded or followed by a consonant. Ex.: sac, 
bourse, Christ, scene. 

II. Soft s like the English s in rose: 

(a) between two vowels: plaisir, baiser. 

(b) at the end of a word when linking the 5 
to the following word, which certainly will have to 
begin with a vowel or silent h. Ex.: nous w avons, 
les w hommes. 

Final s is silent, except in nouns ending in us and 
which are therefore derived from the latin. Ex.: 
(silent) les armes, Paris, tu chantes. 
(not silent, derived from the latin) prospectus, omnibus. 

Th always like the English t: catholique, theatre. 

Ti is sounded like ci in words ending in the following 
syllables: tial, tiel, tience, tieux, tion, except when 
preceded by 5. Ex.: impartial, essentiel, patience, 
ambitieux, nation. 

Ti is sounded like ti in English: 

(1.) When foregoing syllables are preceded by s, 

Ex.: bestial, bastion. 

(2.) in the terminations tions and tiez of verbs. 

Ex.: Nous chantions, vous partiez. 

(3.) In almost all nouns ending in tie. Ex.: amitie, 
pitie, moitie. 

(4.) In the terminations tier and tiere. Ex.: laitier, 
entiere. 
X has three sounds. 

(1.) The sound of z. 

(a) When at the end of a word it is linked 
to a word which begins with a vowel or h 
mute. Ex.: six encriers. 

(b) In the derivatives of 2, 6 and 10. Ex.: 
deuxieme, sixieme, dixieme. 

(2.) The sound of k before c. Ex.: exception, 
excellent. 

(3.) The sound of ks in axe, taxe, etc. 
X is generally silent at the end of a word. 

14 



VOWELS 

Simple vowels: are a, e, i, o, u, y. Each vowel has 
different sounds and with the exception of e mute has 
to be pronounced distinctly, whether accentuated or not. 

Compound vowels : A compound vowel is the union 
of several vowels in one syllable and in one sound. 

Diphthongs: A diphthong is the union of several 
vowels in one syllable pronounced in one utterance but 
with a double sound. 



Simple and 
compound vowels 


French Examples 


Nearest approxi- 
mate English 
Sounds 


a — a (short) * 


table — a 


ah! 


a — a (long) 
(final) as 


fable — theatre 
bas 


a in car 


e — eu — oei 
ue (before) il 


le — fleur 
oeil — ecueil 


u in fur 


e (closed) 
(final) er (final) ez 


egalite 
parler — parlez 


a in lake 


e — & (open) 
ai — ai 
ay— ey 
ei — eai 


frere — bete 
mais — maitre 
payez — bey 
reine — changeait 


e in there 


i (short) y 


midi, bicyclette 


ee in three 


i (long) 


ilot 


ea in bean 


o (short) 


mode 


u in mud 
o in not 


0—6 

au — eau 


rose — trone 
mauvais-berceau 


o in pope 


u (short) 
u (long) 


sur 

sur 


these letters have 
no equivalent nor 
even an approxi- 
mate sound. 


ou, ou, ou 


vous — ou — gout 


ou in soup 



15 



EXCEPTIONS 

y is sounded like y in yell between two vowels. 
Ex.: payer, balayer. 

e is silent at the end of polysyllabic words. 
Ex.: plume, carrosse. 

e is silent in the middle of words of more than two 
syllables, when such e is the final letter of a syllable. 

A-VE-NUE. Pronounce Av'nue. 
EM-PE-REUR. Pronounce Emp'reur. 
E-VE-NE-MENT. Pronounce even'ment. 

e is sounded like e before a sounded r or another sounded 
or not sounded consonant. Ex.: mer, tel, fouet, 
Pierre. 

e is sounded like a in ah in words ending in emment 
Ex.: consequemment. 



DIPHTHONGS 



eui — fauteui 
ia — trivial 


I 




io — priorit6 
oei — oeillet 


iais — niais 






oue — jouet 


ie — pied 






ouai — ouais 


ie — amiti6 






oui — oui 


ie — biere 






ue — questeur 


ieu — pieux 






ui — aiguille 


French sound 

ai 

ei 

oe 

oi 


Approximate English Pr. 

Pronoun "I" 
"ei" in eight 
wa 
wa 


French Ex 

bail 
re veil 
poele 
roi 



16 



NASALS 

N or M preceded by a vowel or a diphthong in the same 
syllable will produce a nasal sound: 

(1.) When at the end of a word. 
(2.) When followed by a consonant (not vowel) other 
than n or m. 

French nasals are really like no English sound. 
They are approximately as follows: 

an, am ( 

Ex.: Dans, chambre, entre, temps. 



_ f nearly like aun in aunt 
en, em \ J 



in, lm J 

?*' ^?L /nearly like an in anger. 
am, aim ( J & 

ein, eim J 

Ex. : jardin, impoli, symbole, lynx, pain, faim, 
teint, Reims. 

on, om nearly like on in song. 
Ex.: on — bombe. 

un, urn nearly like un in hunger. 
Ex. : un, parfum. 

To these simple nasals add those called Nasal 
Diphthongs, viz: 

\ 

ian pronounce ee-an 

Ex.: viande. 

ien pronounce yen 
Ex.: chien. 

ion pronounce ee-on. 
Ex. : parlions. 

oin pronounce wan (g). 
Ex.: besoin. 

uin pronounce u-in. 
Ex.: Juin. 



17 



These notes on pronunciation do not pretend to be 
exhaustive. To do justice to a subject as vast and 
interesting as French diction, a monograph would be 
necessary. Our more modest aim is just to remove 
the principal obstacles and to give a key to the most 
common difficulties. The pupil will fully and easily 
understand our remarks and if he puts them into 
practice, will avoid the mistakes most frequent to 
beginners and will soon learn to pronounce the French 
language with as good an accent as can be expected 
from one studying French in a foreign country. 



18 



ORTHOGRAPHICAL SIGNS 

THE ACCENTS 

The French language has three accents which are 
used to change the sounds of the various vowels. 

(1) The acute accent (-/) accent aigu. 

(2) The grave accent (V) accent grave. 

(3) The circumflex accent (A) accent circonnexe. 

THE APOSTROPHE 

The apostrophe (') {V apostrophe) indicates that a 
vowel has been dropped before a word beginning with a 
vowel or a mute "h," e.g., Thomme, l'encrier. 

THE CEDILLA 

The cedilla (c) (la cedille) is put under the letter "c" 
to give it the sound of s before a, o or u, — e.g., lecon, fran- 
cais. 

LINKING (LIAISON) 

All the words of the French language are to be pro- 
nounced very distinctly and uniformly. For the sake of 
euphony the last consonant of a word is carried over into 
the following word, if the following word begins with 
a vowel or "h" mute. The linking of words, "liaison," 
obeys no general rule and is made according to the taste 
of the reader and when words are closely connected in 
their sense. E.g., Cet w homme est^un^artiste. 

TWO VERY IMPORTANT RULES 

Every syllable begins with a consonant and the 
emphasis is on the last syllable. 

COMPARE 

ENGLISH FRENCH 

Par is Pa ris 

Val et Va let 

Fin ish Fi nir 

Sal ad Sa lade 

Exception: The stress is on the penult syllable when 
the word ends in e mute. 

19 



GRAMMAR 

ARTICLES DEFINIS (Definite Articles) 
THE is translated into French by : 

LE before a masculine noun, singular, 
e.g. le livre — the book 

le crayon — the pencil 
le pere — the father 
le frere — the brother 
LA before a feminine noun, singular. 
e.g. la plume — the pen 

la boite — the box 
la mere — the mother 
la f emme — the woman 
L* before a singular noun of either gender when that 
noun begins with a vowel or "h" mute, 
e.g. rhomme — the man 

Pamie — the (lady) friend 
LES before a plural noun of either gender, 
e.g. les hommes — the men 

les femmes — the women 
The article must be repeated before each noun, 
e.g. The paper, pen and ink. 

Le papier, la plume et Pencre. 
e.g. Dr. Cushing — LE Docteur Cushing 
Belgium — LA Belgique 
Spring — LE printemps. 

ARTICLES INDEFINIS (Indefinite Articles) 

A or AN (also ONE) is rendered into French by: 

UN before a masculine noun, singular, 
e.g. un pere — a father 

un homme — a man 
UNE before a feminine noun, singular, 
e.g. une mere — a mother 

une f emme — a woman 
DES before a plural noun of either gender, 
e.g. des hommes — men 

des femmes — women 
des enfants — children 

20 



FRENCH GENDERS AT A GLANCE 

The gender of nouns is acquired by practice. 
There are nouns ending with all the letters of the 
alphabet, except J and V. Out of the twenty-three 
final letters, twenty-one belong to masculine nouns; 
eleven without exception, ten with a few exceptions. 

Masculine, without exception, all nouns ending in 
B, C, D, G, H, K, L, P, Q, Y, Z.— 
Masculine, nouns ending in: 

A, except: Camarilla, mazurka, sepia, tombola, 

veranda, villa. 
I, except: Apres-midi, foi, fourmi, loi, merci, 

paroi. 
O, except: Quasimodo. 

U, except: Bra, eau, glu, peau, tribu, vertu. 
F, except: Clef (cle), nef, soif. 
M, except: Faim. 

N, except: Facon, fin, lecon, main rancon, and 
nouns ending in ion and son, which are feminine. 
However, bastion, camion, champion, espion, 
galion, lampion, million, scorpion, septentrion, 
poison, poisson, tesson, tison, are masculine. 
R, except: Chair, cour, fleur, mer, tour {tower), and 
abstract nouns ending in eur; but coeur, choeur, 
honneur, deshonneur, bonheur, equateur, mal- 
heur, are masculine. 
S, except: Brebis, fois, souris, (mouse). 
T, except: Dent, foret, gent, hart, jument, nuit, 

part, plupart. 
X, Out of eighteen nouns ending in x, nine are 
masculine, nine feminine. Masculine: Choix, 
courroux, crucifix, epoux, faix, phenix, prix, 
reflux, thorax. Feminine: Chaux, croix, faux, 
noix, paix, perdrix, paix, toux, voix. 
Nouns ending in e are masculine when not ending 
in tie or te 

Nouns ending in silent e do not come under any 
rules. Most are feminine, but some are masculine, i.e. 

1: Those which designate males, trees, colors. 2: 
Those which have two genders. 3: Those ending in 
isme. 4: Those ending in age are masculine. Ambage, 
cage, image, nage, page, plage,rage,saxif rage are feminine. 

21 



PLURAL OF NOUNS 

(1) Most nouns form their plural by adding "s" to 
the singular form. 

e.g. Singular Plural 

le livre — the book les livres — the books 

la plume — the pen les plumes — the pens 

(2) A singular noun ending in "s," "x," or "z," is 
not changed in the plural. 

e.g. Singular Plural 

le bas — the stocking les bas — the stockings 

la voix — the voice les voix — the voices 

le nez — the nose les nez — the noses 

(3) Nouns ending in "au" and "eu M take "x" for 
the plural. 

e.g. Singular Plural 

le chapeau — the hat les chapeaux — the hats 

le drapeau — the flag les drapeaux — the flags 

le feu — the fire les f eux — the fires 

le neveu — the nephew les neveux — the nephews. 



(4) Nouns ending in "al" generally form their 
plural into "aux." 

e.g. Singular Plural 

L'animal — the animal les animaux — the animals 

le capital — the capital les capitaux — the capitals 

(5) Three very irregular plurals. 

e.g. Singular Plural 

le travail — the work les travaux — the works 

Poeil — the eye les yeux — 'the eyes 

le ciel — the heaven les cieux — the heavens 



22 



ALL VERY EASY 

You will very easily master the foregoing rules by 
continuous practice in class. Too much stress cannot 
be placed on Professor Cesar Dussault's system of 
talking and of reading aloud and in common. It will 
surprise you to notice how quickly your pronunciation 
will improve in a short period of study. 

Open your mouth widely, pronounce boldly without 
fear of appearing awkward. Every odd sound, uttered 
in an effort to give the real French sound, is the neces- 
sary rough sketch, which brings you nearer to per- 
fection. After a few hours of active study you will 
master thoroughly the rules given in the preceding 
pages. 



23 



LESSON 1 

Premiere Lecon 

The only two genders of the French language are: 
masculine and feminine. 



Masculin Singulier. 



1. Le livre 

2. Le crayon 

3. Le papier 

4. Le panier 

5. Le cigare 



Leevr 

krayohn 

pahpee-ay 

pah-nee-ay 

see-gar 



Feminin Singulier. 

7. La table tahbl 

8. La chaise shayz 

9. La regie rehgl 

10. La lampe lamp 

11. La boite booaht 



6. Le telephone tay-lay-fon 12. La plume plum 

Most nouns form their plural by adding "s" to the 
singular form. 

Masculin Pluriel. Feminin Pluriel. 

Les livres lay leevr Les tables lay tahbl 

Les crayons lay krayohn Les chaises lay shays 





LES COULEURS 




Masculin Singulier. 




Feminin Singulier, 


Rouge 


(rooj) 


red 


Rouge 


(rooj) 


Jaune 


(joan) 


yellow 


Jaune 


(joan) 


Brun 


(bruhn) 


brown 


Brune 


(brun) 


Vert 


(ver) 


green 


Verte 


(vairte) 


Blanc 


(blahn) 


white 


Blanche 


(blansh) 


Gris 


(gree) 


gray 


Grise 


(grees) 


Noir 


(nooar) 


black 


Noire 


(nooar) 


Bleu 


(bluh) 


blue 


Bleue 


(ble) 


Violet 


(veeolay) 


violet 


Violette 


(veeolet) 



The adjective, which generally follows the noun, 
must agree in gender and number with the noun it 
qualifies, e.g.: Le papier blanc — La regie blanche. 
See pages 36, 37 and 38. 



24 



Qu'est-ce que c'est? (Keh-s-kuh-say) 

What is this? 
C'est le livre. (say luh leevr) 

This is the book. 
C'est la plume, (say lah pliim) 

This is the pen. 
Est-ce le livre? (ehs luh leevr) 

Is this the book? 
Est-ce la table? (ehs lah tahbl) 

Is this the table? 
Oui, monsieur, (ooee muh-see-uh) 

Yes, Sir. 
Non, monsieur, (nohn muh-see-uh) 

No, Sir. 
Oui, M., c'est la table. 

Yes, Sir, this is the table. 
Non, M., c'est le papier. 

No, Sir, this is the paper. 
De quelle couleur est le livre? 

Of what color is the book? 
Le livre est gris. 

The book is gray. 
De quelle couleur est la boite? 

Of what color is the box? 
La boite est blanche. 

The box is white. 

LOCUTIONS FACILES 

Bonjour, Monsieur. 

Good morning, Sir. 
Comment ^allez -vous? x 

How are you? 
Comment^ allez-vous, Madame? 

How are you, Madam? 
Tres bien, merci. 

Very well, thank you. 
Au revoir, Madame. 

Good bye, Madam. 
Au revoir, Monsieur, a demain. 

Good bye, Sir, until tomorrow. 

x See page 19 (Linking) . 

27 



LESSON 2 

Deuxieme Lecon 

du-zee-ehm luh-sohn 

1. Le planch er (plahn-sh-ay) 7. La porte (port) 

2. Le plafond (plah-fohn) 8. La fenetre (fuh-neh-tr) 

3. Le mur (miir) 9. La fleur 0#^r) 

4. Le piano (piano) 10. Le vase (vas) 

5. Le tapis (tah-pee) 11. Le sofa (sofa) 

6. Le tableau (tah-bl-oh) 12. Le rideau (ree-do) 

LES NOMBRES 



IMPAIRS. Odd 


PAIRS. Even 


(enpair) 


(pair) 


1. Un (une) 


2. Deux 


(ohn) (un) 


(d-u) 


3. Trois 


4. Quatre 


(tr-wa) 


(&a/r) 


5. Cinq 


6. Six 


(sa/m&) 


(sees) 


7. Sept 


8. Huit 


(set) 


(w£eO 


9. Neuf 


10. Dix 


(nuf) 


(dees) 



7. Quel est ce numero? (kel-ay suh-nil-may-roh?) 

What number is this? 
C'est le numero sept, (say luh nil-may-roh set.) 

It is number seven. 
3, 4, 10. Quels sont ces numeros? (kel sohn say nu- 
may roh?) 

What numbers are these? 
Ce sont les numeros trois, quatre et dix. (suh sohn 
lay nu-may-roh trwa katr ay dees) 

They are numbers thre@, four and ten. 

NOTE. The number UN, feminine UNE, is also 
used as the indefinite article A, AN. 

See page 20. 

28 



TWO SIMILAR SOUNDS 

est — is et — and 

REMEMBER 

(1) The "t" of est is carried into the next word, 
when that word begins with a vowel or "h" mute. 

(2) Never carry over the "t" of et. 

Ex. :Marie est w une enfant. Mary is a child. 
(Mah-ree ay tu nahnfahn) 

Marie et Alice sont ici. Mary and Alice are here. 
(Mah-ree a ahlis song teesee) 

EXERCICE 

Le sofa est-il bleu? 

Is the sofa blue? (Literal) The sofa is it blue? 
Oui, Monsieur, le sofa est bleu. 

Yes, Sir, the sofa is blue. 
Et le tapis? 

And the carpet? 
II est vert. 

It is green. 
Quels sont les numeros pairs? 
Les numeros pairs sont 2, 4, 6, 8, etc. 

LOCUTIONS FACILES 

Donnez-moi — give me. (donay mooa) 

s'il vous plait — please, (sell voo play) 

Bonsoir, Mademoiselle. (Bonsooir, Mad mooa sel) 

Good evening, Miss. 
Parlez-vous francais? Oui, Monsieur, un peu. 

Do you speak French? Yes, Sir, a little. 
Parlez-vous anglais? Oui, Madame, tres bien. 

Do you speak English? Yes, Madam, very well. 

31 



Over 1,000 French words alike, or nearly so, in 
French and English, can be acquired by the following 
key: 

Copyright, 1918 by 
Prof. Cesar Dussault and Prof. Gustave Laneau 

With few exceptions words ending with the following 
termination are alike in both languages. 



Ending 


Example 


acle 


oracle, miracle, tabernacle 


able 


table, fable, adorable 


ible 


visible, admissible, accessible 


al 


animal, general, central 


ion 


religion, disposition, exposition 


ance 


distance, balance, elegance 


ence 


absence, cadence, experience 


ant 


restaurant, emigrant, ruminant 


ent 


moment, patient, impertinent. 


ine 


machine, famine, gelatine 


age 


image, courage, rage 


ice 


justice, office, prejudice 



32 



WHAT WILL YOU LEARN? 

Naturally the question occurs to you: What will I 
learn if I attend the thirty lesson course? — The 
answer is that during the past year eight thousand 
pupils have been taught by the successful conversational 
method of Professor Dussault, which does away with 
most all unnecessary syntax and dry rules of grammar 
and enters immediately upon direct conversation; 
therefore every pupil should (1) master all the funda- 
mental rules of the French language ; (2) should master 
French pronunciation; (3) should acquire a vocabulary 
of more than 2,400 words; (4) should learn about two 
hundred idioms in everyday use. You will understand 
what a vocabulary of 2,400 French words should mean 
to you, if you stop to consider that a child of twelve 
years of age seldom uses more than one-thousand 
words and yet expresses every desire of his heart. 



33 



LESSON 3 

Troisieme Lecon 

(trooa-see-aym Lusohn) 



Ou — where 




Ou — or 


(oo) 






(oo) 


Ou est? 


Where is? 


Ou sont? Where are? 


(oo ay) 




(oo song) 


Sous 




(soo) 


under, below 


Sur 




(sur) 


on, upon 


Devant 




(duh-vahn) 


before, in front of 


Derriere 




(duh-ree-air) 


behind 


Dans 




(dahn) 


in 


Entre 




(ahntr) 


between, among 


Void 




(v-wa-see) 


here is, here are 


Voila 




(v-wa-lah) 


there is, there are 



PHRASES UTILES 



Je passe — I pass 

Je repasse — I pass again 

J'ouvre — I open 

Je f erme — I close 

Je prends — I take 

Je mets — I put 



Note: Void, voila are derived from vois ici {see 
here) and vois la (see there). 

34 





VOCABULAIRE 




( Vo kah bu lair) 


Un^homme 


a man 


(u nomm) 




Une femme 


a woman 


(un fahm) 




Un professeur 


a professor 


(proh-fe-sur) 




Un el eve 


a pupil (masc) 


Une el eve 


a pupil (fern) 


(aylayv) 




assis 


seated 


(ah-see) 




debout 


standing 


(duh-boo) 




L'autre 


the other 


(lotr) 





EXERCICE 

Oil est le professeur? II est debout. 

Where is the professor? He is standing. 
Ou sont les eleves? Us sont assis dans la classe. 

Where are the pupils? They are seated in the class. 
Ou est le livre? Le livre est sur la table. 

Where is the book? The book is on the table. 
Ou est le crayon? Quel crayon? Le crayon bleu. 

Where is the pencil? Which pencil? The blue 
pencil. 
Le crayon bleu est sous la regie. 

The blue pencil is under the ruler. 
Ou sont les livres rouges? Les livres rouges sont 
sous la chaise. 

Where are the red books? The red books are under 
the chair. 
Le papier est dans le panier; le panier est sous la table 

et la table est devant le piano. 
Le premier livre est sur la table. 

The first book is on the table. 
Les autres sont ici. 

The others are here. 

35 





LESSON 4 






Quatrieme Lecon 




Masculin 


Feminin 




Long (lohn) 


long Longue 


(lohng) 


Court (koor) 


short Courte 


(koort) 


Large (larj) 


wide Large 


(larj) 


Etroit (ay-trooa)na.rrow Etroite 


(ay-trooat) 


Grand (grahn) 


large, big, tall Grande 


(grahnd) 


Petit (puh tee) 


small Petite 


(puh teet) 


Haut (oh) 


high Haute 


(oht) 


Bas (bah) 


low Basse 


(bahs) 


La ligne courte — the short line. 




Le crayon long — the long pencil. 




aussi — que 


as — as 




plus — que 


more — than 




aussi long que as long as 




plus large que more wide than 



PHRASES UTILES 

II est pauvre, mais elle est riche. 

He is poor, but she is rich. 
Dites-moi, s'il vous plait. 

Tell me, please. 
Je vous demande pardon. 

I beg your pardon. 
Dites-moi, s'il vous plait, ou est la rue Boylston? 

Tell me, if you please, where is Boylston Street? 
Ici. 

Here. 
Je vous remercie. 

I thank you. 

36 



EXERCICE 

Qu'est-ce que c'est? 

What is this? 
C'est le livre large. 

It is the wide book. 
Ou est le papier blanc? 

Where is the white paper? 
Le papier blanc est sur la table. 

The white paper is on the table. 
Ou est la grande table? 

Where is the large table? 
La grande table est devant la chaise. 

The large table is in front of the chair. 
Le profess eur est-il grand? Non, Monsieur, le 
professeur est gros. 
The professor, is he tall? No, Sir, the professor is 
stout. 
Le crayon est-il long? Non, Madame, le crayon est 
court. 
The pencil is it long? No, Madame, the pencil is short . 
Ou est le crayon court? Le crayon court est sur le 
piano. 
Where is the short pencil? The short pencil is on 
the piano. 
Ou est le telephone? Le telephone est dans Pecole. 
Where is the telephone? The telephone is in the 
school. 
Le livre rouge est plus petit que le livre bleu. 
The red book is smaller than the blue book. 
La regie est plus longue que le crayon. 

The ruler is longer than the pencil. 
Le crayon est plus court que la regie. 
The pencil is shorter than the ruler. 
Est-ce que la chaise rouge est aussi basse que la chaise 
bleue? 
Is the red chair as low as the blue chair? 
Non, Monsieur, la chaise rouge est plus basse que la 
chaise bleue. 
No, Sir, the red chair is lower than the blue chair. 
Est-ce la chaise ou la table? 
Is it the chair or the table? 

37 



GRAMMAR 
ADJECTIVES 

The adjective agrees with its noun. 

(1) The adjective, which in English does not change, 
agrees in French in gender and number with the noun 
it qualifies. 

How to form the feminine of adjectives 

(2) Most adjectives take the feminine form by- 
adding "e" mute. 

e.g. 

Un homme poli Une femme polie 

A polite man A polite woman 

(3) If the masculine ends in "e" mute it is not 
changed in the feminine. 

e.g. 

Le jeune homme La jeune femme 

The young man The young woman 

(4) Adjectives with the following endings form their 
feminine irregularly. 

e.g. 



Masculine endings: 


Change for the feminine into : 


ANC 


ANCHE 


AS 


ASSE 


EIL 


EILLE 


EL 


ELLE 


EN 


ENNE 


ET 


ETTE 


EUR 


EUSE 


F 


VE 


G 


GUE 


ON 


ONNE 


OS 


OSSE 


OT 


OTTE 


X 


SE 



38 



EXAMPLES 





Masculine 


Feminine 


White 


blanc 


blanche 


fat 


gras 


grasse 


vermilion 


vermeil 


vermeille 


such 


tel 


telle 


Christian 


Chretien 


Chretienne 


violet 


violet 


violette 


flattering 


flatteur 


flatteuse 


active 


actif 


active 


good 


bon 


bonne 


long 


long 


longue 


big, stout 


gros 


grosse 


silly- 


sot 


sotte 


pitiful 


pieux 


pieuse 



(5) The following adjectives have two different 
endings for the masculine : 





Masculine 

Before a noun be- 
ginning with a 
consonant 


Masculine 

Before a noun 

beginning with 

a vowel or 

"h" mute 


Feminine 


new 

old 

handsome 

soft 

foolish 


nouveau 

vieux 

beau 

mou 

fou 


nouvel 

vieil 

bel 

mol 

fol 


nouvelle 

vieille 

belle 

molle 

folle 



(6) When the adjective relates to nouns of different 
genders, the masculine gender prevails and when an 
adjective qualifies two or more singular nouns, it is put 
in the plural, 
e. g. These three women are happy. 

Ces trois f emmes sont heureuses. 
(fern) (fern) 

This woman and this man are tall. 

Cette femme et cet homme sont grands 
(Fem.Sing.) (Masc.Sing.) (Masc.Plur.) 

39 



FORMATION OF PLURAL 

(7) The plural of adjectives is formed like the plural 
of substantives by adding "s" to the singular form, 
e.g. Singular Plural 

La belle fille Les belles filles 

Le crayon rouge Les crayons rouges 



(8) Masculine adjectives ending in "x" or "s" do 
not change for the plural. 



e.g. Singular 
Le vieux livre 

The old book 
Le mauvais homme 

The bad man 



Plural 
Les vieux livres 

The old books 
Deux mauvais hommes 

Two bad men 



The adjective generally follows the noun. 

(9) Adjectives denoting colour, shape, or na- 
tionality are always placed after the noun. 
e.g. le livre gris the gray book 

la table ronde the round table 

le drapeau francais the French flag 



(10) Although the adjective generally follows the 
noun, the following adjectives are put before the noun. 



ancien — ancient 

b eau — handsome 

bon — good 

brave — brave, worthy 

cher — dear 

grand — large, great 



gros — large, stout 
jeune — young 
joli — pretty 
mauvais — bad 
petit — small 
vieux — old 



40 



LESSON 5 
Cinquieme Lecon 

Repetitions de la premiere, deuxieme et troisieme 
lecons. 

Traduction du premier theme. 



Themes. Conversations. 

This book contains several themes and conversa- 
tions. The themes are a select and complete repetition 
of all words learned in preceding lessons. 

Many pupils find it of great help to them to translate 
these themes in writing, as it helps their memory to 
retain more easily the vocabulary and to construct 
sentences with greater facility. 

Although this is not indispensable, I advise pupils 
who are at leisure to do so to translate these themes 
previously in writing and then to drill orally until 
they are able to translate with hardly any difficulty. 

The conversations are all based on the topics treated 
in this book and although care has been taken to use 
only words of every day necessities (all contained in 
our course) a few words have been added to give those 
pupils, who wish to dedicate more time to the study of 
French, opportunity to enlarge their vocabulary and 
to get acquainted with the idiomatic French sentences 
frequently used in French conversation. 

The pupil should first treat these conversations as 
pure reading matter and only thereafter try to trans- 
late orally the French part into English. Later only 
will he undertake to translate the English part into 
French. 

41 



Theme. 

(For the first four lessons.) 

Where is the book? The book is on the table 
between the telephone and the lamp. Give me the 
pencil, if you please. Here is the pencil. The picture 
is on the wall. The flowers are in the vase. Do you 
speak French? Yes, I speak French very well. The 
chair is brown and yellow. Of what color is the paper? 
The paper is white. Tell me, of what color is the 
carpet? The carpet is red and green. The cigars are 
in the box before the window. The pupil is seated 
behind the table and the professor is standing before 
the window. The piano is long and wide. The chair 
is higher than the sofa, but the sofa is wider than the 
chair. The little woman is behind the curtain. Here 
is a big basket under the table. I take the book. I 
open the book. I close the book. I pass between the 
table and the door. Here is the professor. Is the 
professor a. woman? No, the professor is a man. 
Here are the two boxes and the three rulers. Give me 
the five pencils or the five pens. Where are the eight 
large pictures? The eight large pictures are on the 
wall. The blue pencil and the black pen are in the 
box under the table. The professor is a poor man but 
the pupil is a rich woman. Here is the door. I open 
the door. Tell me, Miss Smith, where are the green 
carpets? Give me the white curtain, if you please. I 
take the white curtain. I pass before the professor. 
I close the two windows. Is this pencil blue, red or 
green? Good-morning, Miss Green. Good-bye, Mr. 
Dussault. 



42 



LESSON 6 

Sixieme Lecon 

Repetition de la quatrieme lecon. 



EXERCICES DE PRONONCIATION 



Le Superlatif 



43 



LE SUPERLATIF 







LES TRIANGLES 




A 




B^v 


cV 






Le triang 
Le triang' 
Le triangl 


e A est petit. 

e B est plus petit. 

e C est le plus petit. 




A 


LES LIGNES 






B 








C 






La ligne A est longue. 

La ligne B est plus longue que la ligne A. 

La ligne C est la plus longue de toutes les trois. 




LES CERCLES 




oo 




A est aussi grand que B 




par consequent 
B est aussi grand que A 



PRONUNCIATION DRILL 
PHONETICS 



46 




Fully 

open 

mouth 



No 
special 
effort 



Speak slowly, but distinctly: 



papa 

maman 

la bas 

madame 

la salade 

carnaval 

ananas 

panama 

Canada 



Marie 

Patrie 

table 

sabre 

fable 

parasol 

bastonade 

cadavre 

macabre 



47 



-^ 




Stretch 

lips 

vertically 



Hollow 
cheeks 





Drill carefully! 




le 




pelez 


de 




venir 


que 




venez 


se 




premier 


ce 




retour 


me 




tenir 


ne 




le menu 


te 




remis 



49 




Stretch 
lips 

horizon- 
tally 



cafe 

the 

bebe 

ete 

peche 

prefere 

telephone 

telegraphier 



sante 

beaut e 

liberte 

egalite 

fraternite 

dejeune 

dejeunez 

dejeuner 



51 




Ol 

Fully 

open 

mouth 



Stretch 
the 
jaw 



"bark" 



Drill: 
Bark three times: oi, oi, oi (English: wah, wah, wah). 

loi cloitre 

fois mademoiselle 

roi voyage 

quoi au revoir 

froid troisieme 

bois mouchoir 

croix anchois 



53 



The most difficult sound 




u 

(kiss) 
(Whistle) 



bu 


pilule 


fut 


Tunis 


plume 


tulle 


sur 


flute 


dur 


lunule 


due 


pustule 


nu 


majuscule 


one 


minuscule 



55 



EXERCISE ON NASALS 



ruban 


turban 


champagne 


crainte 


feinte 


vin 


italien 


pronom 


brim 


argentin 


facon 


chacun 


allemand 


entre 


campagne 


plaindre 


lointain 


Reims 


montre 


comedien 


Saint -Germain 


parfum 


embleme 


pardon 


romain 


dans 


parisien 


craindre 


Angleterre 


cinq 


encore 


France 


moins 


temoin 


Luxembourg 


timbale 


besoin 


temps 


autrichien 


ombre 


bon ton 


matin 


quelqu'un 


melon 


combien 


nombre 


addition 


Poincare 



57 



LESSON 7 

Septieme Lecon 

L'argent — money. 

En Cuivre. (Copper) 

(A) un sou I vaut 1 cinq centimes 2 

(B) deux sous | valent 1 dix centimes 

En argent. (Silver) 

ou un demi franc 



vaut cent centimes 
ou quarante sous 
valent un dollar. 



:«" 



(C) cinquante centimes 

(D) 1 franc 

(E) 2 francs 

(F) 5 francs 

En or. (gold) 

(G) 10 francs I appeles 3 aussi 4 "undemilouis 
(H) 20 francs I appeles aussi "un louis" 
Un billet de cent dollars. 

A one hundred dollar bill. 
Une piece d'or. 

A gold coin. 
Une piece d'argent. 

A silver coin. 
La petite monnaie. 

Small change. 
Le change. 

The change. 

Avoir 5 — to have. 
J'ai — I have II a — He has 
Vous avez — You have Elle a — She has. 

0) See Appendix — Irregular Verbs — valoir, to be 
worth. 

( 2 ) centime — about J of a cent is used in postage. 
There is no such coin. 

( 3 ) appele — called, from appeler — to call. 

( 4 ) aussi — also. 

( 5 ) For full conjugation see lessons 12 and 15 and 
Appendix — Auxiliary verbs, 

58 



Les monnaies francaises, americaines, et anglaises. 

Conversion de la monnaie francaise. 







ETATS 


ANGLE- 


FRANCE 


UNIS 


TERRE 


Billets 


Or 


Argent 


Cuivre 


$ 


cts. 


£ 

40 


s. 


d. 


1000 








192 




500 









96 




20 






100 


.... 






10 


20 


4 






50 








9 


60 


2 








20 






3 


84 


.... 


16 






10 






1 


92 


.... 


8 






5 


5 

2 






96 
19 


.... 


4 

1 


______ 




— 


1 
0.50 






19 
8 
3 


— 


— 


9 

4 
IV2 









0.10 
0.05 




2 
1 


.... 


.... 


1 



Les Nombres 

11 onze 23 Vingt- rois 

12 douze 24 Vingt-quatre 

13 treize 25 Vingt-cinq 

14 quatorze 26 Vingt-six 

15 quinze 27 Vingt-sept 

16 seize 28 Vingt-huit 

17 dix-sept 29 Vingt-neuf 

18 dix-huit 30 Trente 

19 dix-neuf 40 Quarante 

20 vingt 50 Cinquante 

21 vingt et un 60 Soixante 

22 vingt-deux 69 Soixante neuf 
1 + 1 = 2 Un et un font *deux. 

8 — 3 = 5 Huit moins trois font cinq. 

8X 4= 32 Huit fois quatre font trente-deux. 

5 X 6 = 30 Cinq fois six font trente. 
$10+$5 = < 515 Dix dollars et cinq dollars font quinze 

dollars. 

*font = "make" is employed instead of sont — "are" in 

arithmetic. 

Ex.: 2+2 = 4. Deux et deux font quatre. 
Literal: Two and two make four. 

See Appendix: Irregular Verbs — faire — to make. 
61 



EXERCICE 

Six oranges et six oranges font une douzaine &' oranges. 
Combien d'argent avez-vous? * 

How much money have you? 
Pai cinq dollars. II a trois francs. 

I have five dollars. He has three francs. 
Avez-vous cinq dollars? Non, Monsieur, j'ai trois 
dollars, mais elle a cinq dollars. 
Have you five dollars? No, Sir, I have three dollars, 
but she has five dollars. 
Douze douzaines font une grosse. 

Twelve dozen are one gross. 
Soixante minutes font une heure. 

Sixty minutes are an hour. 
II a un billet de cinquante francs et le professeur a 
deux pieces d'or de vingt francs. 
He has a note of fifty francs and the professor has 
two gold pieces of twenty francs. 
J'ai cinquante francs en papier, vingt en or, dix francs 
en argent et trente-cinq centimes en petite 
monnaie. 
I have fifty francs in paper, twenty in gold, ten in 
silver and thirty-five centimes in small change. 
La chambre a cinq f enetres et deux portes. 

The room has five windows and two doors. 
La maison a vingt-cinq portes et trente et une f enetres. 
The house has twenty-five doors and thirty-one 
windows. 



C 1 ) Combien de = How much — How many. 
62 





II est une- heure et demie {] est deux heures 




II est midi II est minuit 





est six heures et quart I] est sept heures moins un quart 



LESSON 8 

Huitieme Lecon 

II y a Ya-t-il? 

There is Is there? 

There are Are there? 

Le matin — The morning. 

midi — noon. 

L'apres-midi — afternoon. 

Le soir — The evening. 

La nuit — The night. 

minuit — midnight . 

L'heure — the hour (time, o'clock). 

Une demi-heure — half an hour. 

Un quart- d'heure — quarter of an hour. 

Trois quarts d'heure — ^ of an hour. 

Une minute — a minute. 

Cinq secondes — five seconds. 

Avez-vous une montre? Oui, M., j'ai une montre. 

Have you a watch? Yes, Sir, I have a watch. 
II a des montres et une pendule. 

He has watches and a clock. 
Quelle heure est-il? H est trois heures precises. 

What time is it? It is three o'clock sharp. 
II est sept heures. II est sept heures du matin. 

It is seven o'clock. It is seven o'clock in the morning. 
H est huit heures. H est huit heures du soir. 

It is eight o'clock. It is eight o'clock in the evening. 
H est huit heures et demie du matin. 

It is half -past eight in the morning. 

Literal: It is eight o'clock and half of the morning. 
H est deux heures et quart de Papres-midi. 

It is quarter past two in the afternoon. 
II est huit heures moins le quart du soir. 

It is quarter to eight in the evening. 

65 



An interesting point: 

The pupil: I have learned that il y a stands in French 
for there is, there are, and I have learned that voila 
means also there is, there are. When should I use one, 
when should I use the other? 

The teacher: The answer is very easy! Use il y a 
wherever the object is located, if visible or invisible, 
and use voila when you can point at the object. 

EXERCICE. 

Quelle heure est-il a votre montre? 

What time is it by your watch? 
II est trois heures et demie precises. 

It is half-past three sharp. 
Dites-moi, s'il vous plait, quelle heure il est. 

Tell me, if you please, what time it is. 
II est neuf heures vingt-cinq. 

It is 25 minutes past nine. 
Combien de secondes y a-t-il dans une minute? 

How many seconds are there in a minute? 
II y a soixante secondes dans une minute et soixante 
minutes dans une heure. 

There are sixty seconds in a minute and sixty minutes 
in an hour. 
II y a soixante minutes. (II y en a soixante.) * 

There are sixty minutes. (There are sixty.) 
Une heure a soixante minutes et un quart d'heure en a 

quinze. 

An hour has 60 minutes and a quarter of an hour 
has fifteen. 
Le jour a douze heures. La nuit a douze heures aussi. 

The day has twelve hours. The night has twelve 
hours also. 

*En when placed before a verb means of it, of them, 

some or any. 
En avez-vous? (onavvay voo) Have you any? 
II y en a {eel ee onnar) There is some. 
II y en a soixante There are sixty (of them.) 
II n'y en a pas There is none. 

66 



THEME. 

1. How many francs have you? 

2. / have twelve francs. 

3. How many centimes have you? 

4. / have fifty-jive centimes. 

5. Give me one cent (sou). 

6. How many centimes are in a cent? 

7. There are five centimes in a cent. 

8. How many cents are there in a franc? 

9. There are twenty cents in a franc. 

10. How many centimes are there in a franc? 

11. There are one hundred centimes in a franc. 

12. Have you a one hundred dollar bill? 

13. No, sir, but I have many gold coins. 

14. Have you any small change? 

15. Yes, sir, I have one franc and many centimes. 

16. Have you a dozen of pencils? 

17. No, I have seven pencils. 

18. Has the professor a gross of pencils? 

19. No, the professor has ten dozen. 

20. How many dozen are in one gross? 

21. There are twelve dozen in a gross. 

22. Have you much money? 

23. No, I have very little money. 

24. Have you a little change? 

25. No, sir, I have only gold coins and bills. 

26. Has the pupil forty or fifty books? 

27. The pupil has forty-five books. 

28. Two times two are four. 

29. Five times five are twenty-five. 

30. What time is it? 

31. It is noon. 

32. It is eight o'clock. 

33. It is half-past nine. 

34. It is twenty minutes past nine. 

35. How many minutes are there in half an hour? 

36. There are thirty minutes in half an hour. 

37. It is now the afternoon. 

38. It is night. 

39. Is it midnight? 

40. No, it is twenty minutes after eleven. 

67 



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68 



EXERCICE. 

Le prof esseur est tres content. 

The professor is very glad. 

Les eleves sont assis, le maitre est debout. 

The pupils are seated, the teacher is standing. 

Madame Dussault est-elle assise? 

Mrs. Dussault, is she seated? 

Madame Dussault est assise. 
Mrs. Dussault is seated. 

L'americaine est couchee sur le sofa et le monsieur 
russe est assis dans le fauteuil. 

The American (lady) is lying on the sofa and the 
Russian gentleman is seated in the arm-chair. 

Quelle belle femme! Qui est-elle? C'est une dame 
russe. 

What a beautiful woman! Who is she? She is a 
Russian lady. 



PHRASES FACILES. 
Comprenez-vous? Oui, Monsieur, je comprends. 
Non, Madame, je ne comprends pas. 

ABBREVIATIONS. 

Monsieur M. Sir, Mister, gentleman 

Madame Mme. Madam, Mrs., married lady 

Mademoiselle Mile. Miss, unmarried lady 

Note: It is lack of education to address a lady in 
French by Mademoiselle. A lady has always to be 
addressed: Madame, until she allows you to call her: 
Mademoiselle. 

69 



LESSON 10 

Dixieme Lecon. 

Le Temps. 

Le siecle — The century. 

Un an (une annee) — A year. 

Le mois — The month. 

La semaine — The week. 

Le jour (la journee) — The day. 

Rule: Use "AN" for a definite number: 

UN an — One year. 
Cinq ans — Five years 
J'ai etudie, pendant six ans 
I have studied during six years. 
Use "ANNEE" for an indefinite number : 
quelques annees des annees 

some years years 

J'ai passe quelques annees en France. 
I have passed^ some years in France. 



La Date. 

aujourd'hui — today. 

hier — yesterday. 

avant-hier — the day before yesterday. 

demain — to-morrow. 

apres-demain — the day after to-morrow. 

la semaine derniere — last week. 

!a semaine prochaine — next week. 

avant maintenant apres 

before now after (afterwards) 

LaSaison. 

Le printemps L'automme 

Spring Autumn 

L'ete L'hiver 

Summer Winter 

70 



Les jours de la semaine : Les douze mois: 

Lundi — Monday. Janvier — January. 

Fevrier — February. 
Mardi — Tuesday. Mars — March. 

Avril — April. 
Mercredi — Wednesday. Mai — May. 

w a- nn, a Juin— June. 

Jeudi— Thursday. Juillet— July. 

Vendredi-Friday. Aout-August. 

J Septembre — September. 



Samedi — Saturday. 



Octobre — October. 
Novembre — November. 
Dimanche — Sunday. Decembre — December. 

La temperature. 

II fait beau temps — It is nice weather. 
H fait mauvais temps — It is bad weather. 
H fait tres chaud — It is very warm. 
II fait tres froid — It is very cold. 

EXERCICE. 

Combien de jours y a-t-il dans une semaine? 

How many days are there in a week? 
Hyena sept. 

There are seven. 
Combien de mois y a-t-il dans une annee? 

How many months are there in a year? 
Dyena douze. 

There are twelve. 
Quel jour de la semaine est-ce aujourd'hui? 

What day of the week is it to-day? 
C'est lundi. 

It is Monday. 
Quelle date est-ce aujourd'hui? 

What date is to-day? 
C'est le quinze Janvier mil neuf cent dix huit. 

January 15th, nineteen hundred and eighteen. 
Et hier? 

And yesterday? 

71 



^etait Dimanche, le quatorze Janvier, 1918. 

Sunday, January 14th, 1918. 
Et demain? 

And to-morrow? 
2 Ce sera Mardi, le seize Janvier 1918. 

Tuesday, January 16th, 1918. 
Quelles sont les saisons de Pannee? 
Which are the seasons of the year? 
II y en a quatre; le printemps, Pete, Pautomne et 
Phiver. 
There are four: spring, summer, autumn and winter. 
Quels mois ont trente jours? 

Which months have thirty days? 
Avril, Juin, Septembre et Novembre ont trente jours. 
April, June, September and November have thirty 
days. 
Les autres ont trente et un jours et fevrier en a seule- 
ment vingt-huit. 
The others have thirty- one days and February has 
only twenty-eight. 
Tous les quatre ans, fevrier a vingt-neuf jours. 

Every fourth year February has twenty-nine days. 
Fait-il beau aujourd'hui? 

Is it nice weather to-day? 
Non, M., il fait mauvais temps. 

No, sir, it is bad weather. 
Fait-il froid ou chaud? 
Is it cold or warm? 
II fait tres froid aujourd'hui, mais il a fait tres chaud 
hier. 
It is very cold to-day, but it was (has been) very 
warm yesterday. 
En juillet et en aout il fait tres chaud, mais en de- 
cembre, Janvier et fevrier il fait froid. 
In July and in August it is very warm, but in De- 
cember, January and February it is cold. 



] C'etait — // was. 
2 Ce sera — It will be. 



72 



READING EXERCISE 

The Weather 



— Quel temps fait-il? 

— II fait tout a fait beau 
temps. Ce matin, 
quand je suis sorti, le 
ciel etait gris et le 
vent soufflait de Test; 
mais le vent a change 
et voila maintenant 
que le soleil parait. 

— Le journal predit cepen- 

dant de la pluie. 
— Tant mieux; c'est la le 

meilleur signe de 

beau temps. 
— Mais vous vous trom- 

pez; il y a encore un 

signe beaucoup plus 

infaillible. 
— Lequel? 
— Mon mari a pris son 

parapluie ce matin. 
— Est-ce qu'il avait son 

parapluie hier? 
— Mais non, puisqu'hier 

il a plu. Je vous dis 

que c'est infaillible. 
— A la bonne heure! Un 

mari n'est pas tout a 

fait inutile quand il 

peut servir de ba- 

rometre. 
— Vous paraissez avoir a 

vous plaindre de votre 

mari. 



What is the weather? 

It is altogether beautiful 
weather. This morning, 
when I went out, the sky 
was gray and the wind 
blew from the east; but 
the direction of the wind 
has changed and the sun 
is now beginning to- 
shine. 

The newspaper neverthe- 
less predicts rain. 

So much the better; that is 
the best sign possible of 
fair weather. 

But you are mistaken; 
there is yet a much more 
infallible sign. 

Which one? 

My husband has taken his 

umbrella this morning. 
Did he have his umbrella 

yesterday? 
Why no, since yesterday it 

rained. I tell you the 

sign is infallible. 
That is good! A husband 

is not altogether useless 

when he may be used 

as a barometer. 

You seem to have reason to 
complain of your hus- 
band. 



73 



— Vous avez bien de- 
vine. Imaginez-vous 
qu'il veut que nous 
quittions la campagne 
des la fin d'aout. 

— Et pourquoi, je vous 
prie? 

— Mais seulement parce 
que Monsieur est fa- 
tigue de faire la 
navette, matin et soir. 

— Qu'est-ce que vous avez 
fait Tan passe? 

— Nous sommes restes 
a la campagne jusqu'a 
la mi-novembre. Sep- 
tembre, octobre et 
parf ois novembre sont 
vraiment les plus 
beaux mois del'annee 
dans notre climat. 

— J e pense comme vous. 
L'automne est notre 
meilleure saison dans 
la Nouvelle Angle- 
terre. Le printemps 
est pluvieux et froid. 
Je ne parle pas de 
l'hiver qui est on ne 
peut plus desagre- 
able. En ete, il y 
a de bien belles jour- 
nees mais trop sou- 
vent on a cette in- 
tolerable chaleur hu- 
mide. Mais l'au- 

tomne compense pour 
le reste de l'annee. 

— Aussi je desire passer 
ces mois-la a la cam- 
pagne. 



Your guess is right. Just 
imagine: he wants us to 
close our country house 
no later than the end of 
August. 
And why, may I ask? 

Well, just because the 
gentleman is tired of 
commuting! 

What did you do last year? 

We remained in the country 
until the middle of No- 
vember. September, Octo- 
ber and November are 
really the most beautiful 
months of the year in 
our climate. 

I am of the same opinion. 
Fall is our best New 
England season. Spring 
is rainy and cold. I do 
not speak of our winter 
which is as unpleasant as 
can be. In summer there 
are very beautiful days, 
but too often we have 
t hat intolerable damp 
heat. However the fall 
is a compensation for the 
other parts of the year. 



That is why I wish to pass 
those months in the 
country. 



74 



— Ne vous ennuyez-vous 
pas a la campagne? 

— Pas du tout. Je me 
leve de tres bonne 
heure. Je vais dans 
le jardin. J'aime a 
voir le soleil se lever. 
Apres le dejeuner, je 
m'assieds dans un 
kiosque, que nous 
avons; je travaille et 
je lis: la matinee est 
vite passee. Dans 1' 
apres-midi, je fais une 
longue promenade 
avec les enfants. A 
cinq heures nous 
sommes tous habil- 
les, pr£ts a accueil- 
lir notre seigneur et 
mattre. 

— Mais la soiree parait 
longue, j'en suis sure? 

— Non, car nous nous 
couchons de tres bon- 
ne heure. 

— Et toutes vos journees 
sont semblables? 

— Pas tout a fait. Le 
vendredi, je viens a la 
ville. La semaine 
dernier e je suis venue 
a. la ville lundi, mer- 
credi et vendredi. 

— Allez-vous a la cam- 
pagne tous les ans? 

— Tous les ans. Mais il 
y a trois ans, nous 
sommes restes a la 
ville durant tout T et e. 



Are you not lonesome in 
the country? 

Not at all. I rise very 
early. I go in the gar- 
den. I love to see the 
sun rise. After break- 
fast, I sit in a little 
summer-house we have, 
I work and read; the 
forenoon is soon over. 
In the afternoon, I take 
a long walk with the 
children. At five o'clock 
we are all dressed up and 
ready to welcome our lord 
and master. 



But the evening seems long, 

I am sure? 
No, for we go to bed very 

early. 

And all your days are 
alike? 

Not altogether. On Friday 
I come to the city. Last 
week, I came to the city on 
Monday, Wednesday and 
Friday, 

Do you go to the country 
every year? 

Every year. But three 
years ago we remained 
in the city all through the 
summer. 



?5" 



— Eh bien, j'espere que Well, I hope your husband 

votre mari consen- will consent to leave you 

tira a vous y laisser there until November. 
jusqu'en novembre. 

—Oh! II le faut. Sinon Ohl It must be. Other- 

je me revolte. Nous wise I rebel. We are 

ne sommes plus au no longer in the fifteenth 

quinzieme siecle. Je century. I am a woman 

suis une femme du of the twentieth century. 
vingtieme siecle. 



W 







LESSON 


11 






Onzieme Lecon 


1. 


La tete 


12. 


Le bras 


2. 


Le visage 


13. 


La jambe 


3. 


L'oeil (les yeux) 14. 


Le genou 


4. 


La bouche 


15. 


La main 


5. 


Le nez 


16. 


Le doigt 


6. 


L'oreille 


17. 


L'ongle 


7. 


Le front 


18. 


Le pied 


8. 


Les cheveux 


19. 


L'orteil 


9. 


Le cou 


20. 


La levre 


10. 


La poitrine 


21. 


Les dents 


11. 


Le dos 


22. 


La langue 




Les cinq doigts de la main sont: 




(A) 


Le pouce 






(B) 


L 'index 






(C) 


Le doigt du milieu 




(D) 


L'annulaire 






(E) 


Le petit doigt 






ne (verb) 


pas 



Rule: "NE" is only half a negation; it can there- 
fore never stand alone. It must be always accom- 
panied by another negative word to make the ne- 
gation complete 

"Ne" will always stand before the verb and the 
other negative word like, for instance: "PAS" or 
"JAMAIS" will follow the verb. 

79 



Example : 

FORME NEGATIVE DU VERBE "ETRE." 

I am not I am never 

Je ne suis pas Je ne suis jamais 

Vous n' etes pas Vous n' etes jamais 

il n' est pas il n' est jamais 

elle n' est pas elle n' est jamais 

nous ne sommes pas nous ne sommes jamais 

vous n' §tes pas vous n' etes jamais 

ils ne sont pas ils ne sont jamais 

elles ne sont pas elles ne sont jamais 

EXERCICE 

Oil sont les cheveux? Les cheveux sont sur la tete. 

Where is the hair? The hair is on the head. 
Nous avons deux yeux, deux oreilles, un nez et une 
bouche. 
We have two eyes, two ears, a nose and a mouth. 
De quelle couleur sont les cheveux? 

Of what color is the hair? 
II y a des cheveux noirs, chatains, blonds, bruns et 
roux. 
There is black, chestnut, blond, brown and reddish 
hair. 
Voici mon bras droit et voila mon bras gauche. 

This is my right arm and that is my left arm. 
J'ai deux pieds, le pied droit et le pied gauche. 

I have two feet, the right foot and the left foot. 
pai les yeux noirs et les cheveux blonds. 
My eyes are black and my hair blond. 
Vous avez les yeux bleus et les cheveux chatains. 

Your eyes are blue and your hair is brown. 
C'est un tres bel homme; il a de* grands yeux noirs 
et des dents tres blanches. 
He is a very handsome man; he has large black eyes 
and very white teeth. 

*Use DE before a plural adjective instead of DES. 
Example: il a des yeux; il a de grands yeux. 

80 



Elle est belle aussi; elle a de* beaux yeux bleus et une 
petite bouche, un nez bien forme et un front tres 
haut. 

She is handsome also; she has beautiful blue eyes 
and a small mouth, a well shaped nose and a very- 
high forehead. 
Combien de doigts avez-vous? J'ai dix doigts. 

How many fingers have you? I have ten fingers. 
Les femmes ont generalement les mains et les pieds 
plus petits que les hommes. 
Women generally have smaller hands and feet than 
men. 
H a le dos plus large que vous mais vous avez les bras 
plus forts. 
His back is wider than yours, but your arms are 
stronger. 
Quel est cet oeil? C'est Poeil droit. Et Pautre? 
(Vest Poeil gauche. 
Which is this eye? This is the right eye. And the 
other one? It is the left eye. 
Quelle est cette main, la main droite ou la main 
gauche? 
Which is this hand, the right hand or the left hand? 
Ces demoiselles ont les cheveux longs et ces messieurs 
ont les cheveux courts. 
These young ladies have long hair and these gentle- 
men have short hair. 
Donnez-moi la main.* 
Give me your hand. 
Oft est le crayon? Le crayon est dans votre main. 
Where is the pencil? The pencil is in your hand. 

*The parts of the body are usually spoken of with the 
definite article, when there is no doubt as to the pos- 
sessor. 

For example: 

J'ai mal a la tete. I have a headache. {Literal: 

I have pain at the head. 

Montr ez-moi la langue. Show me your tongue. 
{Literal: Show me the tongue.) 

II a mal au doigt He has a sore finger. 

81 



Le dos est derriere, la poitrine est devant. 

The back is behind, the chest is in front. 
Oii avez-vous les pieds? J'ai les pieds sous la table. 

Where are your feet? My feet are under the table. 

Avec les yeux nous voyons ; avec le nez nous sentons ; 

avec les oreilles nous entendons; avec la bouche 

nous parlons, nous mangeons, nous buvons, et 

avec la langue nous goutons. 

(Lit.) With the eyes we see; with the nose we smell; 
with the ears we hear; with the mouth we speak, 
we eat, we drink and with the tongue we taste. 

THEME 

1. Is the professor standing? 

2. No, the professor is seated. 

3. Are you seated too? 

4. Yes, Sir, I am seated. 

5. Is the pupil rich? 

6. No, the pupil is poor. 

7. The man is handsome. 

8. You are rich. 

9. How many days are there in a week? 

10. There are seven days in a week. 

11. There are three months in a season. 

12. Fall is a beautiful season. 

13. In which season are we? 

14. We are now in summer. 

15. The winter is long and the summer is short. 

16. I am glad. 

17. The weather is fair. 

18. But it is very warm. 

19. In winter, the weather is cold. 

20. What day is it today? 

21. Today is Saturday. 

22. What day will it be tomorrow? 

23. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 

24. He has a high forehead. 

25. She has blue eyes and black hair. 

26. She has very little feet. 

27. The pupil has a handsome face. 

28. The tongue and the teeth are in the mouth. 

82 



29. He has a broad chest and a short neck. 

30. The pupil has narrow shoulders and small hands, (a) 

31. He is not a professor. 

32. She is not a pupil. 

33. The man is not standing. 

34. The lady has white teeth but she has not a pretty 

mouth. 

35. It is not cold. 

36. It is not very warm. 

37. She has not a pretty nose, but she has beautiful 

eyes. 

38. What do you do with your eyes? (b) 

39. With the eyes we see. 

40. What do you do with your ears? 

41. With the ears we hear. 

42. What do you do with the nose and the mouth? 

43. With the mouth we eat and drink and speak, and 

with the nose we smell, (c) 



(a) the shoulders — les epaules. 

(b) What do you do? — Que faites vous? 

What do you do with your eyes? — Que faites- vous 
avec vos yeux? 

(c) Bad English construction of a sentence is sometimes 

necessary to make the task easier for a beginner. 



83 



LESSON 12 

Douzieme Lecon 

There are approximately 4500 verbs used in French. 
The French verbs are divided into four conjugations: 
1st conjugation: Verbs ending in: ER — about 3900 

verbs. 
2nd conjugation: Verbs ending in: IR — about 450 

verbs. 
3rd conjugation: Verbs ending in: OIR ) , , 1f; n 
4th conjugation: Verbs ending in: RE \ ~~ aDout 15U 

verbs. 
All verbs of the 1st conjugation are regular, except: 

ALLER— to go and ENVOYER— to send. 
Nearly all verbs of the 2nd conjugation are regular. 
All verbs of the 3rd and 4th conjugations are irregular. 



DONNER— to give 
PARLER— to speak 
FERMER— to shut 
DINER— to dine 



1st conjugation. 

DONNE— given 

PARLE— spoken 
FERME— closed 
DINE— dined 



Rule: The past participle is formed by dropping 
the final R and placing an acute accent on the E. 
The pronounced word has the same sound in the in- 
finitive as in the past participle. 



Present de PIndicatif. 



Je donne I give 


Je parle I speak 


il donne he gives 


il parle he speaks 


elle donne she gives 


elle parle she speaks 


nous donnons we give 


nous parlons we speak 


vous donnez you give 


vous parlez you speak 


ils donnent they give 


ils parlent they speak 


elles donnent they give 


elles parlent they speak 



84 



TWO SIMILAR VERBS. 
Compare. 



AVOIR- 

I have 
he has 
she has 


-to have 

J'ai 

ila 

elle a 


ALLER- 

Je vais 

il va 
elle va 


-to go. 

I go 

he goes 
she goes 


we have 


nous avons 


nous allons 


we go 


you have 
they have 
they have 


vous avez 

ils ont 

elles ont 


vous allez 
ils vont 
elles vont 


you go 
they go 
they go 



These two verbs are very important in their present 
tenses. 

With the auxiliary verb "avoir" in the present 
tense and the principal verb in the past participle 
you form the PAST tense. 

With the verb "aller" in the present tense and the 
principal verb in the infinitive you form the IMME- 
DIATE FUTURE tense. 



Example : 

Past. Present. 

J'ai donn6 Je donne 

Il a donne il donne 

elle a donne elle donne 

nous avons donne nous donnons 
vous avez donne vous donnez 
ils ont donne ils donnent 

elles ont donn6 elles donnent 



Immediate Future. 
Je vais donner 
il va donner 
elle va donner 
nous allons donner 
vous allez donner 
ils vont donner 
elles vont donner 



Note: Je vais, il va, etc., is not only: I go, he goes, 
etc., but it means also: I am going, he is going, etc. 



85 





LESSON 


13 




Treizieme Lecon 


1. 


La toilette 


12. 


Le miroir 


2. 


La baignoire 


13. 


La brosse a cheveux 


3. 


La douche 


15. 


La brosse a dents 


4. 
5. 
6. 

7. 


Le savon 
L' eponge 
Les essuie-mains 
Le tiroir 


15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 


Le peigne 
Le rasoir 
Les epingles 
Les ciseaux 


8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 


Le vaporisateur 19. 
La bouteille de parfum20. 
Le chandelier 21. 
La chandelle 22. 


La lime a ongles 
Le tire-bouton 
Le petit balai 
La serrure 



Devoir — to owe, (must) 



Je dois 
& doit 
elle doit 
nous devons 
vous devez 
ils doivent 
elles doivent 



I must, I owe 
he must, he owes 
she must, she owes 
we must, we owe 
you must, you owe 
they must, they owe 
they must, they owe. 



Note: Devoir means "to owe" when followed by 
a noun. When followed by a verb it stands for "must". 
Example: Je dois une visite — I owe a visit. 
Je dois cinq cents francs — I owe five hundred francs. 
Je dois parler a Mademoiselle — I must speak to Miss. 

Je ne dois pas parler a Mme. Leroy. 

I should not speak to Mme. Leroy. 
I have not to speak to Mme. Leroy. 
I am not to speak to Mme. Leroy. 



86 



EXERCICE. 

La dame est assise devant la toilette. 

The lady is seated before the dressing-table. 

Dans la salle de bain, il y a une baignoire et une 
douche. 

In the bath-room, there is a tub and a shower. 

Les eleves prennent une douche. 

The pupils take a shower-bath.* 

II y a des femmes qui sont toujours devant le miroir. 

There are women who are always before the looking- 
glass. 

On doit avoir une brosse a dents. 

One must have a tooth-brush. 

La bouteille de parfum est dans le tiroir. 

The perfume bottle is in the drawer. 

Les essuie-mains et Feponge sont sur la chaise. 

The towels and the sponge are on the chair. 

Les ciseaux sont sur la table. 

The scissors are on the table. 

Le savon n'est pas sur la table. 

The soap is not on the table. 

Je dois avoir la bagnoire avant mardi. 

I must have the bath-tub before Tuesday. 

Vous devez dormer les chandeliers la semaine pro- 
chaine. 

You must give the candle-sticks next week. 

Le professeur doit avoir le rasoir aujourd'hui. 

The professor must have the razor today. 

Les eleves doivent parler francais. 

The pupils must speak French. 

On doit fermer la porte. 

One must close the door. 

A quelle heure devez-vous diner? 

At what time must you dine? 

Je dois diner avant quatre heures. 

I must dine before four o'clock. 



*ils prennent — they take. 

Innnitif : prendre — to take. 

89 



THEME 

1. The professor gives the books. 

2. The pupils speak French and English. 

3. I close the door and the windows. 

4. You dine at noon, but I dine in the evening. 

5. Yesterday, the rich pupil gave two books and ten 

pencils. 

6. Last week, I spoke French. 

7. The day before yesterday, I dined at ten o'clock 

at night. 

8. To-morrow I am going to dine very well. 

9. Are you going to speak French to-morrow? 

10. Is the professor going to give lessons next year? 

11. Is the professor going to close the school in sum- 

mer? 

12. The lady has a dressing-table. 

13. There are two candle-sticks on the dressing- 

table. 

14. The razor is not on the table. 

15. Are you before the looking-glass? 

16. I am not before the looking-glass. 

17. I am in the bath-tub. 

18. I have closed the door. 

19. I am going to close the window. 

20. The man has closed the drawer. 

21. There are two hair-brushes in the drawer. 

22. I am going to give the candle- sticks. 

23. The candles are not on the candle- stick. 

24. The professor has not the comb, but he has the 

brush. 

25. The pupils must give the books. 

26. The lady must speak French. 

27. We must speak French. 

28. The men must speak English and French. 

29. You must close the drawer. 

30. Must the man also close the window? 

31. We must dine at twelve o'clock sharp. 

32. The pupils must have the books. 

33. I must be going to dine now. 

34. We must have the sponges. 

35. They must have the towels and the soap. 

90 







LESSON 


14 




Quatorzieme Lecon 


1. 


La casquette 


ll. 


La jupe 


2. 


Le faux- col 


12. 


Le corsage 


3. 


La cravate 


13. 


La poche 


4. 


Le veston 


14. 


Le mouchoir 


5. 


Le gilet 


15. 


La ceinture 


6. 


Le pantalon 


16. 


La bottine 


7. 


La chemise 


17. 


Le bas 


8. 


La manchette 


18. 


Le gant 


9. 


La chaussette 


19. 


L'ombrelle 


0. 


Le Soulier 


20. 


L'eventail 






21. 


Le chapeau 



Une paire de gants. Une douzaine de mouchoirs. 



EST-CE QUE JE— Do I? 



Est-ce que 


(je donne? 
) je parle? 
j je dine? 
(Je ferme? 


Do I give? 
Do I speak? 
Do I dine? 
Do I close (shut)? 


que 
qu' 
qu' 


/je suis 
lil est 
1 elle est 


Am I? 

Literal: 

Is it that I am? 


Est-ce que 
que 
qu' 
qu' 


< nous sommes 
J vous etes 
f ils sont 
^ elles sont 





93 



EXERCICE 

Qu'est-ce que c'est? C'est le corsage de Mme. Du- 
chanel. 
What is it? It is the shirtwaist of Mme. Duchanel. 

Est-ce le veston de M. Duchanel? Non, M., c'est 
celui de M. Leroy. 
Is it the coat of Mr. Duchanel? No, Sir, it is the 
coat of Mr. Leroy. 

Avez-vous un parapluie? Oui, M., j'ai un parapluie. 

Have you an umbrella? Yes, Sir, I have an um- 
brella. 

Combien de chapeaux avez-vous? 

How many hats have you? 

J'ai quatre chapeaux, deux complets, trois gilets, 
quatre pantalons, seize chemises et des dou- 
zaines de faux-cols, manchettes et cravates et 
j'ai aussi quatre paires de souliers et trois douzaines 
de chaussettes. 
I have four hats, two suits,' three vests, four trou- 
sers, sixteen shirts and dozens of collars, cuffs and 
ties and I have also four pairs of shoes and three 
dozen socks. 

Elle a une douzaine de bas, quatre blancs et huit 
noirs. 

She has a dozen stockings, four white and eight 
black ones. 

Douze paires de bas font deux douzaines de bas. 

Twelve pairs of stockings are two dozen stockings. 

Trois paires font six bas et deux paires font quatre 
bas. 

Three pairs are six stockings and two pairs are four 
stockings. 

H a des gilets de fantaisie. 
He has fancy vests (colored). 

94 



De quelle couleur est cet eventail? 

Of what color is this fan? 

II est rouge avec des petites fleurs jaunes. 

It is red with small yellow flowers. 

Donnez-moi une douzaine de mouchoirs. 

Give me a dozen handkerchiefs. 

Voulez-vous des mouchoirs blancs ou de fantaisie? 

Do you wish for white or fancy handkerchiefs? 

Voulez-vous quelque autre chose: des bas, des gants 
ou de beaux corsages. J'ai aussi des jupes tres 
belles et a bon marche : a dix francs et a douze 
francs. 

Do you wish for something else (some other thing) : 
stockings, gloves or pretty shirtwaists. I have 
also very nice inexpensive skirts at ten francs and 
at twelve francs. 

Ou sont vos jupes? Les voila! 

Where are your skirts? There they are! 

Est-ce que c'est le prof esseur de la classe de francais? 

Is he the professor of the French class? 

Oui, M., c'est le professeur de la classe de francais. 

Yes, Sir, he is the professor of the French class. 

Est-ce que c'est une eleve de cette classe? 

Is she a pupil of this class? 

Non, M., c'est une eleve de la classe d'espagnol. 

No, Sir, she is a pupil of the Spanish class. 



95 



LESSON 15 

Quinzieme Lejon 



Le Present de PIndicatif. 

AVOIR — to have. Etre — to be. Aller — to go. 

Donner — to give. 



FORME AFFIRMATIVE. 



/ have, etc. 
J'ai 
il a 
elle a 

nous avons 
vous avez 
ils ont 



/ am, etc. 
Je suis 
il est 
elle est 
nous sommes 
vous Ites 
ils sont 



elles ont elles sont elles vont elles donnent 



/ go, etc. 
Je vais 
il va 
elle va 
nous allons 
vous allez 
ils vont 



/ give, etc. 
Je donne 
il donne 
elle donne 
nous donnons 
vous donnez 
ils donnent 



FORME NEGATIVE. 



I have not 
Je n'ai pas 
il n'a pas 
elle n'a pas 
nous n'avons pas 
vous n'avez pas 
ils n'ont pas 
elles n'ont pas 

J do not go 

Je ne vais pas 
il ne va pas 
elle ne va pas 
nous n 'allons pas 
vous n 'allez pas 
ils ne vont pas 
elles ne vont pas 



I am not 

Je ne suis pas 

il n'est pas 

elle n'est pas 

nous ne sommes pas 

vous n'6tes pas 

ils ne sont pas 

elles ne sont pas 

I do not speak 
Je ne parle pas 
il ne parle pas 
elle ne parle pas 
nous ne parlons pas 
vous ne parlez pas 
ils ne parlent pas 
elles ne parlent pas 

96 



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The affirmative and interrogative forms are made 
negative by placing "ne" immediately before the verb 
and "pas" immediately after it. 

In the case of AVOIR a "t" is placed between the 
verb and the pronoun in the third person singular of 
the interrogative and negative interrogative for the 
sake of euphony. This applies to both the masculine 
and the feminine. 

THEME 

1. Do you have a coat? 

2. Does the professor have a vest? 

3. Does the pupil have a hat? 

4. The man has a collar. 

5. He has not the handkerchief. 

6. Does he have the gloves? 

7. Where are the stockings? 

8. Are the stockings under the chair? 

9. The shoes (high shoes) are not brown nor black. 

They are red. 

10. Do I give the cuffs? Am I going to give the 

cuffs? 

11. I have given, the day before yesterday, the cuffs, 

the collars and the socks. 

12. They are going to give the parasol. 

13. Are we going to give the umbrella? 

14. The man has given the neck-ties and the shirts. 

15. Do I speak French well? 

16. You are going to speak French very well next 

month. 

17. Did we speak French yesterday? 

18. We did not speak French yesterday. 

19. The professor has not given a lesson yesterday 

and he is not going to give a lesson to-morrow. 

20. They are not going to speak French next week. 

21. Do you dine tonight at six o'clock? 

22. I have not dined. 

23. They have not dined. 

24. Are we going to dine now? 

25. No, we are now going to give a French lesson. 

26. The pupils are going to speak French. 

98 



TO ENQUIRE ONE'S WAY 



•II est difficile a un 
etranger de trouver 
son cfiemin a Boston, 
'est bien vrai, Boston 
n'est pas symetrique 
et reguliere comme 
New York. 

-Mais il faut dire que 
l'amabilite des Bos- 
tonnaispourles etran- 
gers compense am- 
plement 1'incroyable 
sinuosite des rues. 

-Vous etes bien flatteur. 

-C'est que j'ai une fa- 
veur a vous deman- 
der. 

-Je serai bien heureux de 
vous etre de quelque 
secours. 

-Quel chemin dois-je 
prendre pour aller a 
la Gare du Sud? 

-Savez-vous d'abord ou 
nous sommes en ce 
moment? 

-Mais, nous sommes au 
coin de la rue Tre- 
mont et de la rue 
Boylston. 

-Bien, ou est la rue 
Washington? 

-Dans cette direction, a 
notre droit e. 



It is a hard task for a 
stranger to find his way 
in Boston. 

It is very true, Boston is 
not symmetrical and reg- 
ular like New York. 

But it must be said that the 
kindness of Bostonians 
to strangers makes 

amends for the incred- 
ible sinuosity of the 
streets. 

You are very flattering. 

The truth is that I have to 
ask of you a favor. 

I will be very glad to help 
you. 

Which way must I take to 
get to the South Station? 

Do you know first of all, 
where we actually are? 

Why, we are at the corner 
of Tremont Street and 
Boylston Street. 

Good, where is Washington 

Street? 
In that direction, at our 

right. 



99 



— Suivez d'abord la rue 
Boylston jusqu'a la 
rue Washington. Est- 
ce assez clair? 

— Ensuite? 

— Ensuite, vous traversez 
la rue et, a gauche, a 
quelques pas, vous 
voyez la rue Essex. 
Suivez alors la rue 
Essex pendant une 
dizaine de minutes et 
vous deboucherez en 
face de la Gare du 
Sud. Vous ne pou- 
vez pasTeviter. 

— Puis-je y aller en tram- 
way? 

— Certainement. Entrez 
dans ce pavilion de 
pierre en face. Prenez 
n'importe quel tram. 
Descendez a la pre- 
miere station: C'est 
la rue Park. La de- 
mandez le "Cam- 
bridge Subway." 
Vous monterez alors 
dans un train qui 
vous conduira di- 
rectement a la Gare 
du Sud. 

— Monsieur, permettez- 
moi de vous remer- 
cier. 

— II n'y a vraiment pas de 
quoi. 



First, go down Boylston 
Street until you come to 
Washington. Is that 
plain enough? 

After that? 

After that, you cross the 
street and a few steps on 
your left, you see Essex 
Street. Go up Essex 
Street for about ten 
minutes and you will 
run into the South Sta- 
tion. You cannot avoid 
it. 



Can I go there by the 
electric car? 

Certainly. Enter that 
stone booth opposite. 
Take any car whatever. 
Leave the car at the first 
station: it is Park Street 
station, ask there for 
the Cambridge Subway. 
You will then get on a 
train that will take you 
directly to the South 
Station, 



Sir t allow me to thank you. 



Don't mention it, really. 



100 



LESSON 16 

Seizieme Legon 



Les quatre generations 



Masc. 

Le grand-pere — grand- 
father 

Le pere — father 

Le fils — son 

Le petit-fils — grandson 



Fern. 
La grand'-mere — grand- 
mother 
La mere — mother 
La fille — daughter 
La petite-fille — grand- 
daughter 



La Parente Par Consanguinite. 

(Relationship by consanguinity.) 
Le frere — brother La soeur — sister 

Le cousin — cousin La cousine — cousin 

L'oncle — uncle La tante — aunt 

Le neveu — nephew La niece — niece 



La Parente Par Mariage ou Par Alliance 

(Relatives by marriage or affinity.) 
L'epoux — husband L'epous e — wife 

Le mari — husband 
Le beau-pere — father-in- 
law 
Le beau-fils — son-in-law 



Le beau-frere — brother- 
in-law 



La femme — wife 

La belle -mere — mother- 
in-law 

La belle-fille — daughter- 
in-law 

La belle-soeur — sister- 
in-law 



101 



De la jeunesse k la vieillesse 



Mas 


c. Fern. 


(1.) Lebebe (7.) Le bebe 


(2.) L'enfant (8.) L'enfant 


(3.) Le 


garcon (9.) La fille 


(4.) Le 


jeune homme (10.) La jeune fille 


(5.) L'homme (11.) La f emme 


(6.) Le vieillard (12.) La vieille femme 




LES NOMBRES. 


70 


soixante-dix 


71 


soixante-et-onze 


73 


soixante-treize 


75 


soixante-quinze 


79 


soixante-dix neuf 


80 


quatre-vingts 


81 


quatre-vingt un 


83 


quatre-vingt-trois 


89 


quatre-vingt-neuf 


90 


quatre-vingt-dix 


91 


quatre-vingt-onze 


94 


quatre-vingt-quatorze 


97 


quatre-vingt- dix- s ep t 


99 


quatre-vingt-dix-neuf 


100 


Cent 


300 


Trois-cents 


530 


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999 


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1000 


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dix mille 


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109 



EXERCICE. 

A qui est ce livre? 

Whose is this book? 
Ce livre est a moi. 

This book belongs to me. 
C'est le mien. 

It is mine. 
Monsieur X. est-il votre oncle? 

Is Mr. X. your uncle? 
Non, Monsieur, c'est mon cousin. 

No, Sir, he is my cousin. 
A qui sont les chapeaux qui sont sur la table? 

Whose are the hats which are on the table? 
Ce sont les notres. 

They are ours. 
Lesquels sont a eux? 

Which ones belong to them? 
Ceux-ci sont a eux, ceux-la sont a nous. 

These belong to them, those belong to us. 
Est-ce ma boite ou la votre? 

Is this my box or yours? 
C'est la sienne. 

It is his. 
Ce n'est pas la mienne, c'est la sienne. 

It is not mine, it is his. 
Ou est votre crayon et son encrier? 

Where is your pencil and his inkstand? 
Mon crayon est dans ma poche et son encrier est sur 
le bureau. 

My pencil is in my pocket and his inkstand is on the 
desk. 
Mon pere et ma mere* sont tres jeunes, mais mon 
grandpere est vieux. 

My parents are very young, but my grandfather is old. 

*The French word parents has two meanings in 
English: parents or relatives. In English the word 
parents has retained the exclusive latin signification of 
father and mother ("parens" or "pariens" is the 
latin present participle of "parere": to engender). 
To avoid ambiguity, it is advisable to use in French 
"pere et mere" for parents and parents for relatives. 

110 



Quel age a votre soeur? 

How old is your sister? 

Literal: What age has your sister? 
Elle a vingt-cinq ans. 

She is 25 years old. 
La mienne a dix-sept ans. 

Mine is seventeen years old. 
Ou sont vos enfants, Madame? 

Where are your children, Madam? 
lis sont au jardin avec leur oncle. 

They are in the garden with their uncle. 
Ou sont mes bottines? 

Where are my boots? 
Les votres sont sous le lit a cote des miennes. 

Yours are under the bed, together with mine (next 
side to mine). 

THEME 

1. Does your brother have a belt? 

2. No, but he is going to have a belt. 

3. My father has a belt, and he is going to give the 

belt to his son. 

4. Your son speaks French and your daughter speaks 

Spanish. 

5. My children are going to speak English and 

French. 

6. Are your children going to speak French? 

7. Do they speak French ? 

8. Have your children spoken French before the 

professor yesterday? 

9. Their cousin closed the door. 

10. My grandfather has given his clock and his two 

watches to his children. 

11. Our grandmother is seated on the chair before the 

dressing-table. 

12. Is your aunt going to give her fan to her daughter? 

13. My aunt has given her fan to my sister. 

14. Has your uncle a razor? 

15. Yes; his razor is in the drawer. 

16. My cousin George and my cousin Mary speak 

French. 

Ill 



17. Yesterday my wife dined at five o'clock and I 

dined at six. 

18. Her husband has given the brown and the blue 

suits to his son. 

19. Their nieces are pretty girls. 

20. Our nephews are handsome young men. 

21. She has a beautiful baby. 

22. The old man has two grandsons. 

23. Has the little boy the sponge and towels? 

24. The little girl in blue is my daughter. 

25. My sisters are poor but my sisters-in-law are rich. 

26. My mother-in-law is going to dine at six o'clock, 

but I am not going to dine at six. 

27. My hat is brown; what is the color of yours? 

28. Mine is black. 

29. Your suit is gray; what is the color of mine? 

30. Yours is brown. 

31. My wife is rich; is yours rich also? 

32. Mine is poor. 

33. Your gloves are on the table; where are hers? 

34. Hers are on the table also. 

35. Your brush is here; where is ours? 

36. Yours is here also. 

37. Our collars are white; what is the color of yours? 

38. My shoes (high shoes) are under the bed; where 

are yours? 

39. Mine are on my feet. 



112 



LESSON 18 

Dix-huitieme Lecon 

The Demonstrative Adjective. 



This, that < 



Ce before a masculine noun beginning 

with a consonant. 

Cet before a masculine noun beginning 

with a vowel or h mute. 

Cette before a feminine noun. 



These, those: Ces before masculine or feminine nouns 

in the plural. 
Ex: Ce livre — this or that book. 

Cette armoire — this or that wardrobe 
Cet homme — this or that man 
Ces hommes — these or those men 
Ces femmes — these or those women. 
The foregoing demonstrative adjectives are used 
indistinctly for this, that, these, those, if no special 
distinction is to be made. 

To mark a difference join ci or la by means of a 
hyphen (-) to the noun. 
Ex: Celivre-ci — this book, (here) 
Ce livre-la — that book, (there) 



The Demonstrative Pronoun. 

The demonstrative pronoun is never placed before a 
noun, but takes the place of a noun, and must agree 
in gender and number with the noun it replaces. 
Celui The one — that 

Celui-ci this one 

Celui-la that one 

Celle The one— that 

Celle-ci this one 

Celle-la that one 



' replacing a 

i masculine noun 

| replacing a 
\ feminine noun 



113 



Celui qui aime est aveugle. 

The one (referring to a man) who loves is blind. 
Celle qui aime est aveugle. 

The one (referring to a woman) who loves is blind. 
Celui-ci est le mien. 

This one is mine. 
Celle-ci est la mienne. 

This one is mine. 
Celui-ci est M. Leroy et celui-la est M. Peters. 

This one is Mr. Leroy and that one is Mr. Peters. 
Celle-ci est Mme. Pierre et celle-la est Mile. Couture. 

This one is Mrs. Pierre and that one is Miss Couture. 

Plural of the Demonstrative Pronouns. 

Ceux those (plural of celui) 
Celles those (plural of celles) 
Ceux-ci those here ) ™™„n^ ^i„„„i 
Ceux-la those there \ masculine P lural 
Celles-ci those here 5 j-- • «„i„^i 
Celles-li those there ^eminme plural. 

Ex: Ces tapis et ceux du voisin. 

Ces plumes et celles de votre soeur. 

Celles-ci sont des roses et celles-la sont des vio- 

lettes. 
Ceux-ci sont des chiens et ceux-la sont des chats. 



AT THE POST-OFFICE 

-Y a-t-il une lettre pour Is there a letter for me? 

moi? 

-Ici, nous vendons les Here we sell stamps. You 

timbres. II faut aller must go to another wick- 

a un autre guichet et for the letters. 

pour les lettres. 

-A quel guichet? Which wicket? 

-Le guichet marqu6; The wicket marked: "Gen- 

"Poste Restante." eral delivery. 1 ' 

-J 'attends une lettre re- / am expecting a very im- 

commandee tres im- portant registered letter. 

portante. 

114 



— Avez-vous des papiers 
d 'identity? 

— Mais non. 

—On refusera probable- 
ment de vous re- 
mettre cette lettre. 

— J'ai plusieurs lettres 
adressees a mon nom 
et j'ai mon passe- 
port. 

— Oh! C'est plus que 
suffisant. 

— Ou puis-je me pro- 
curer de quoi ecrire? 

— La, tout pres, sur ce 
pupitre. 

— A quelle heure est la 
derniere levee pour 
New York? 

— A neuf heures. 

— Quel affranchissement? 

— Trois sous pour cette 
lettre- ci, mais cette 
lettre-la n'est pas 
assez affranchie. 

— Donnez-moi un mandat 
de 30 dollars, les 
frais a ma charge. 
Voici l'adresse du des- 
tinataire. 

— Voulez-vous faire suivre 
mes lettres a ma 
nouvelle adresse? 

— Assurement. 

— A quelle heure recev- 
rai-je mon courrier 
du matin? 

— II y a une distribution 
vers huit heures. 



Have you any identifica- 
tion papers? 

Why no. 

They will probably refuse 
to give you that letter. 

I have letters addressed to 
me and I have my pass- 
port. 

Oh! It is more than suf- 
ficient. 

Where can I get writing 
material? 

There, near you, on that 
desk. 

At what time is the last 
mail for New York? 

At nine o'clock. 

What is the postage? 

Three cents for this letter, 
but there is not enough 
postage on that letter. 

Give me a money order of 
30 dollars, the cost to be 
paid by me. Here is 
the receiver's address. 

Will you kindly have my 
letters forwarded to my 
new address? 

Most certainly. 

A t what time shall I receive 
my morning mail? 

There is a distribution at 
about eight o'clock. 



115 



LESSON 19 

Dix-neuvieme Lejon 





of the 


to the 




from the 


at the 


before masculine singular: 


DU 


AU 


before feminine singular: 


DELA 


ALA 


before a vowel or "h" mute: 


DEL' 


AL' 


^fore )S c X e P^al: 


DES 


AUX 



Note: "de le," "de les," "a le," "a les" do not exist 
in French. 

DU stands for "de le", AU stands for "a le." 
DES stands for "de les," AUX stands for "a les." 



to come from : 



Je viens du theatre 
il vient du bureau de poste 
elle vient de la maison 
on vient de la ville 
nous venons de Pecole 
vous venez de POpera 
ils viennent des magasins 
elles viennent des Tuileries 



to go to : 

Je vais au bois 

il va au magasin 

elle va a la Bourse 

on va a la Banque 

nous allons a V eglise 

vous allez a. Photel 

ils vont aux Galeries Lafayette 

elles vont aux Musees. 

116 



An easy rule. 

The name of the possessor must follow the name of 
the object possessed: e.g. 

(1.) the object possessed 
(2.) du, — de la, — de 1' — des. 
(3.) the possessor. 
Ex: The professor's desk — le bureau du professeur. 

The lady's gloves — les gants de la dame. 

The pupil's ruler — la regie de 1' el eve. 

The parents' right — le droit des parents. 

1st CONJUGATION. 

Verbs ending in "ER" 

acheter to buy entrer to enter 

aUer to go donner to give 

aimer to To e, to like visiter to visit 

deposer to deposit fumer to smoke 

parler to speak demander to ask 

importer to import arriver to arrive 

exporter to export changer to change 

telephoner to telephone manger to eat 



TWO SIMILAR VERBS 



Pouvoir — to be able 

I can — Je peux 
& peut 
elle peut 
nous pouvons 
vous pouvez 
ils peuvent 
elles peuvent 

pas faire 



Vouloir — to want 

Je veux — I want 

fi veut 

elle veut 

nous voulons 

vous voulez 

ils veulent 

elles veulent 
do 
make 



Je ne peux < 



make an ^ more 



I cannot \ 
plus faire I cannot 
jamais faire I can never \ ° , 

{An 
make notllin &- 



117 



THEME 

1. Is this lady your wife? 

2. No, this lady is my sister-in-law. 

3. Is this book yours? 

4. Yes, it is mine. 

5. Are these books yours? 

6. These books here are mine, but those books there 

are yours. 

7. This is not her husband. 

8. Are these rulers yours? 

9. These are mine and those are yours. 

10. Who are these gentlemen? 

11. This one is Mr. Lodge and that is Mr. Ovington. 

12. Are these children yours? 

13. These are mine and these are my sister's children. 

14. Is this boy your son? 

15. He is my daughter's son. 

16. Where do you come from? 

17. I come from the school. 

18. And where are you going? 

19. I am going to the store. 

20. Where is the professor going? 

21. He is going to the hotel. 

22. He comes from his house. 

23. He is going to his store. 

24. She comes from her office and she is going to the 

museum. 

25. Is this school yours? 

26. No, it is the professor's school. 

27. On what days do you come to the school? 

28. I come to the school on Monday, Wednesday and 

Friday, but I never come to the school on 
Tuesday or Thursday. 

29. On what day do you go to church? 

30. I go to church on Sundays. 

31. I can go to church. 

32. I want to go to church next Sunday. 

33. Do you want to come to church next Sunday? 

34. I cannot go to church on that day. 

35. Can you speak French? 

36. I can't speak French now, but I want to speak, 

and I am going to speak before one year. 

118 



37. Can you buy this fan? 

38. I can buy this one, but I want to buy that one. 

39. Does the professor want to go to the post-office? 

40. Yes, but he can't go now. 

41. He must give a lesson and must go to the bank. 

42. Do you want to eat? 

43. I cannot eat now; I must visit that poor man. 

44. You must love your father and mother. 

45. That man cannot love his mother-in-law. 

46. I do not want to smoke. 

47. He cannot smoke this black cigar. 

48. My uncle wants to enter, but you have closed that 

door. 

CONVERSATION 

At the Theatre. 



— Voulez-vous venir au 
theatre, ce soir? 

— Ou voulez-vous aller? 

— J'avais l'intention d' 
aller a la "Porte St. 
Martin." 

— Qu'est-ce qu'on y*joue? 

— "Cyrano de Bergerac." 

— Je viendrai vous pren- 
dre a huit heures. 

— Je serai pret. 

— Faut-il s'habiller? 

— Non; a la Porte St. 

Martin, on ne fait 

pas de ceremonie. 

— A ce soir, alors. 
* * * * * 

— Nous voila arrives. 

— On fait la queue au 
guichet; mais j'ai re- 
tenu nos places par 
telephone. 



Will you come to the 

theatre , tonight? 
Where do you wish to go? 
I was thinking of going to 

the " Porte St. Martin." 
Lit. (I had the intention to 

go to the, etc.) 
What is the play there? 
"Cyrano de Bergerac." 
I will come for you at 

eight o'clock. 
I will be ready. 
Must one be in full dress? 
No; for the "Porte St. 

Martin" there is no 

need of formal dress. 

Until to-night, then. 
***** 

Here we are. 

There is a crowd at the 
ticket office; but I have 
reserved our seats by 
telephone. 



*y when placed before a verb means: there. Y allez- 
vous — do you go there? 



119 



-Aimez-vous ces fau- 

teuils d'orchestre? 
-Oui, beaucoup; l'autre 

jour a rOdeon, j'avais 

un fauteuil de balcon 

que je n'ai pas aime 

du tout. 
-Voulez-vous que je 

porte votre manteau 

au vestiaire? 
-Non, laissez; je vous 

remercie. 
-Le rideau se leve pour 

le premier acte. 
-Cette premiere scene 

de Cyrano est char- 

mante. 
-Oui, mais elle exige une 

telle mise en scene. 
-Voila Cyrano qui entre 

en scene. 



Do you like these stalls? 

Yes, very much; the othe v 
day, at the Odeon, I was 
in the dress-circle and I 
didn't like my place at 
all. 

Do you want me to take 
your coat to the cloak- 
room? 

No, do not bother; I thank 
you. 

The curtain is rising for 
the first act. 

The first scene of Cyrano 
is charming. 

Yes, but it requires such a 

stage- setting. 
Here comes Cyrano on the 

stage. 



A Pentr'acte. 

-Allons-nous au foyer? 
-Mais oui, les entr'actes 

sont quelquefois tres 

longs ici. 
-Irons-nous au buffet? 

-Non, merci, je n'ai ni 
faim, ni soif. 

-Eh bien! faisons un 
tour. 

-Comment trouvez-vous 
X. en Cyrano? 

-A vrai dire, le role de 
Cyrano me parait 
toujours mal joue 
depuis que j'ai vu 
Coquelin. 



Between the acts. 

Shall we go to the foyer? 

Why yes, the lt entr , acts n 
are sometimes very long 
here. 

Shall we go to the refresh- 
ment-room? 

No, thank you, I am 
neither hungry nor 
thirsty. 

Well, let us take a little 
stroll. 

How do you like X. as 
Cyrano? 

To tell the truth, the pari 
of Cyrano always seems 
poorly acted to me since 
I have seen it taken by 
Coquelin. 



120 



— Etiez-vous a la pre- 
miere de Cyrano? 

— Oui, a la premiere, au 
premier rang de l'or- 
chestre, et le premier 
a. applaudir. Coque- 
lin fut superbe ce 
soir-la. Rostand n'a 
pas eu de plus grand 
triomphe. 

— II f aut dire que Rostand 
est Rostand. 

— Oui, — et que Coquelin 
est son prophete. 

— Pensez-vous que Cyrano 
soit le chef-d'oeurve 
de Rostand? 

— Assurement; Rostand 
a ete predestine a. 
ecrire Cyrano. C'est 
un sujet ou ses de- 
fauts memes devien- 
nent des qualites. 



Were you at the first night 
of Cyrano? 

Yes, at the first night, in 
the first row of the stalls, 
and the first one to ap- 
plaud. Coquelin was 
wonderful that night. 
Rostand has known no 
greater triumph. 

One must recognize that 

Rostand is Rostand. 
Yes, — and that Coquelin 
is his prophet. 

Do you think that Cyrano 
is Rostand's master- 
piece? 

Most decidedly; Rostand 
was predestined to write 
Cyrano. The subject is 
one in which his very de- 
fects are turned into 
qualities. 



Apres le theatre 

— Partons, maintenant, 
arm d'eviter la foule. 

— N'oubliez pas la ju- 
melle! 

— Justement, j'en ai be- 
soin. Je desire voir 
cette dame en bleu au 
balcon. N'est-cepas 
que sa toilette est 
jolie? 

— La salle est bondee. 

— Nous nous en allons, 
n'est-ce pas? 

— Comme vous voudrez. 

— Je desire vous presenter 
a Tune des artistes. 



After the play 

Let us go now, so as to avoid 
the crowd. 

Do not forget the opera- 
glass! 

Just the thing I need. I 
want to see that lady in 
blue in the balcony. 
Don't you think that she 
is well dressed? 

The house is crowded. 
We are going, are we not? 

As you like. 

I wish to introduce you to 
one of the artists. 



121 



LESSON 20 

Vingtieme Leg on 






Les professions 

L'avocat 

The lawyer 
Le medecin 

The doctor 
L'homme de lettres 

The literary man 
Le journaliste 

The journalist 
L'ingenieur 

The engineer 
L'architecte 

The architect 
Le notaire 

The notary 
Le chimiste 

The chemist 
Le traducteur 

The translator 
Le prof esseur 

The professor 



Les fonctions publiques 

Le president de la Re- 
publique 

The President of the Re- 
public. 
Le senateur 

The senator 
Le depute 

The representative 
L'ambassadeur 

The ambassador 
Le consul 

The consul 
Le maire 

The mayor 
Le juge 

The judge 
Le roi 

The king 
L'empereur 

The emperor 



LES ARTS 



Un poete — a poet 
Un musicien — a musician 
Un peintre — a painter 
Un sculpteur — a sculptor 
Un danceur — a dancer 



Un dessinateur — 

a draughtsman 
Un graveur — an engraver 
Un acteur — an actor 
Un chanteur — a singer 



122 






EXERCICE 
L'avocat est assis avec le medecin dans le bureau du 
traducteur. 

The lawyer is seated with the doctor in the office of 
the translator. 
Le journaliste est arrive le quinze juin de son voyage 
en France. 
The journalist (has) arrived June 15th from his trip 
to France. 
II a ete en France avec sa mere et son epouse. 

He has been in France with his mother and his wife. 
Us ont eu un voyage tres agreable ; le temps a ete tres 
beau et ils ont beaucoup aime Paris. 
They have had a very agreeable trip ; the weather has 
been very beautiful and they (have) liked Paris 
very much. 
Qui est ce monsieur? Est-il ingenieur? 

Who is that gentleman? Is he an engineer? 
Non, il n'est pas ingenieur, il est homme de lettres: 
un tres brave homme et grand ami du President 
de la Republique. 
No, he is not an engineer, he is a literary man, a very 
good man and a great friend of the President of 
the Republic. 
Le cousin du maire de New York est Poncle d'un des 
deputes de ^Arizona. 
The cousin of the Mayor of New York is the uncle of 
one of the representatives for Arizona. 
J'ai ete presente au roi d'Angleterre par Pambas- 
sadeur a Londres. 
I have been introduced to the King of England by 
the Ambassador in London. 
Quelle est votre profession? 
What is your profession? 
Je suis chimiste. 
I am a chemist. 
J'ai fait mes etudes a Harvard et fai fait des travaux 
pratiques en France. 
I have studied at Harvard and I have made practical 
work in France. 

123 



Vingtieme Lecon. (Suite) 

Avez-vous lu quelques poesies de Longfellow? 

Have you read some of Longfellow's poems? 
Oui, j'en ai lues; c'est mon poete favori et Beethoven 
et Gounod sont mes musiciens f avoris. 
Yes, I have. He is my favorite poet and Beethoven 
and Gounod are my favorite musicians. 
Allez-vous souvent au theatre? 

Do you go often to the theatre? 
Oui, j'y vais tres souvent. J'aime a voir un bon 
acteur et j'aime a entendre un bon chanteur. 
Yes, I go very often. I like to see a good actor and 
I like to hear a fine singer. 
Avez-vous envoy e une lettre de felicitation au chimiste 
pour sa derniere merveilleuse invention? 
Have you sent a letter of congratulation to the 
chemist for his last wonderful invention? 
Pas encore, mais je vais le faire apres-demain quand 
ma machine a ecrire arrivera. 
Not yet, but I shall do so after to-morrow when my 
typewriter will arrive. 
La police a arrete le criminel et le juge Pa condamne 
hier. 
The police have arrested the criminal and the judge 
(has) condemned him yesterday. 



124 



CONVERSATION. 

The Choice of a Profession 



— Comment allez-vous, 
chere amie? 

— Je me porte bien, merci. 
Ne savez-vous pas 
qu'une mere ne peut 
pas se payer le luxe 
d'etre malade? 

— Allons! Allons! Vous 
prenez vos respon- 
sabilites trop a coeur. 
Je vous admire 
beaucoup, mais je 
crois que vous vous 
exagerez vos devoirs. 
Pourquoi n'imitez- 
vous pas ces meres 
qui laissent leur fa- 
mine bien tranquille 
et qui consacrent leur 
temps aux probl ernes 
sociaux et a la po- 
litique? 

— Je ne les imite pas, parce 
que je pense que le 
meilleur moyen de re- 
soudre les probl ernes 
sociaux, c'est de 
bien elever ses en- 
fants et que le bon 
gouvernement de la 
famille est la po- 
litique la plus im- 
portante. 

— Je vois que vous avez 
quelque chose sur le 
coeur. Votre fils veut 
s'enroler, peut-^tre. 

— Non, heureusement, il 
n'a que seize ans. 



How do you do, my dear? 

I am well, thank you. 
Don't you know that a 
mother cannot afford to 
be sick? 

Cornel Come! You take 
your responsibilities too 
much to heart. I ad- 
mire you very much, but 
I think that you exag- 
gerate to yourself your 
duties. Why do you 
not imitate those mothers 
who leave their family in 
peace and devote their 
time to social problems 
and to politics? 



I do not imitate them be- 
cause I think that the 
best way to solve social 
problems is to bring up 
the children well and that 
the good management of 
the home is the most 
important of policies. 



I see that there is some- 
thing on your mind. 
Your son wishes to en- 
list, perhaps. 

No, fortunately, he is only 
sixteen. But just think 



125 



Mais figurez-vous qu' 
il s'est mis dans la 
tete de devenir in- 
genieur. 

— Et pourquoi pas? Mon 
fils aine est juste- 
ment a etudier le 
genie maritime. 

— Oui, je le sais. Mais 
votre fils est un in- 
genieur-ne. II est 
fort en mathemati- 
ques et il aime la 
m ecanique . M on fils 
n'est pas du tout 
mathematicien. 

— On m'a dit cependant 
que votre fils est le 
premier de sa classe. 

— Pas en mathematiques. 
II est fort en langues, 
en litterature, en his- 
toire. 

— Pourquoi va-t-il choisir 
le genie? 

— Son pere veut le voir 
avocat ou medecin, et 
ne veut pas entendre 
parler de la pro- 
fession de litterateur 
ou de journaliste. Or, 
c'est justement la pro- 
fession que mon fils 
desire embrasser. 

— Et c'est en desespoir 
de cause qu'il se 
jette dans le genie? 

— Precis ement. 

— Pourquoi votre mari 
est-il si oppose au 
journalisme ou a la 
litterature comme 
profession? 



that he has put it into his 
head to become an en- 
gineer. 

And why not? My oldest 
son is precisely studying 
naval engineering. 

Yes, I know it. But your 
son is a born engineer. 
He is good at mathema- 
tics and he likes me- 
chanics. My son is not 
at all a mathematician. 



I have been told that your 
son is first in his class. 

Not in mathematics. He 
is good at languages, 
literature, history. 

Why does he go and choose 
engineering? 

His father wishes him to 
be a lawyer or a doctor 
and refuses to listen to 
anything pertaining to 
the profession of author 
or of journalist. But 
that is precisely the 
profession my son wishes 
to choose. 

So that it is as a last shift 
that he throws himself 
into engineering? 

Exactly. 

Why is your husband so 
adverse to journalism or 
literature as a profes- 
sion? 



126 



— Parce que les littera- 
teurs et les journa- 
listes sont general- 
ement pauvres. 

— Mais les ingenieurs et 
les avocats ne sont 
pas tou jours riches. 

— C'est vrai, mais sur ce 
point mon mari ne 
veut pas entendre 
raison. 

— C'est dommage. 

— Mais oui: en pareille 
matiere, si Ton ne 
tient compte des 
gouts et des dispo- 
sitions de 1' enfant, on 
s'expose a f aire fausse 
route. 

— II est vrai que souvent 
l'enfant se trompe 
lui-mime. Jusqu'a 
l'age de quinze ans, 
mon fils revait d'etre 
un ofhcier de la police 
secrete. Mais il en 
est revenu. 

— Mais mon fils est main- 
tenant a l'age ou Ton 
choisit une profes- 
sion. 

— Est-il de nature tres 
docile? 

— Non, il est tres entier. 

— C'est une raison d'es- 
perer. 

— D'esperer quoi? 

— Eh bien, qu'un jour il 
pourra realiser ses 
rives et devenir un 
grand litterateur. 

— Dieu le veuille! 



Because literary men and. 
journalists are generally 
poor. 

But engineers and lawyers 
are not always rich. 

It is true, but on that sub- 
ject my husband will not 
listen to reason. 

It is too bad. 

Why yes: in such matters, 
if you ignore the tastes 
and dispositions of the 
child, you are in danger 
of taking the wrong way. 



It is true that the child is 
often deluding himself. 
Until he was fifteen years 
old, my son dreamed of 
being a detective. But 
he has outgrown that. 



But my son is now at the 
age when one must choose 
a profession. 

Is he very docile? 

No, he is very self-willed. 
It is a reason for hoping. 

For hoping what? 

Well, that some day he will 
make real his dreams 
and become a great au- 
thor. 

May it be God's will! 



127 



LESSON 21 

Vingt et unieme Lecon 



LE COMMERCE 



Le commercant — 

The merchant 
Le fabricant — 

the manufacturer 
Le gerant — the manager 
L' employe — the assistant 

Le commis — 

the employee 



L'exportateur 

The exporter 
L'importateur 

the importer 
Le courtier — the broker 
Le commis -voyageur — 

the traveller 
Le stenographe — 

the shorthand- writer 



LA BAN QUE 



Le banquier — banker 

Le tresorier — treasurer 

Le secretaire — secretary 
Le caissier — cashier 



Le comptable — 

accountant 
Le correspondant — 

correspondent 
Le client — client 
Le capitaliste — 

capitalist. 



LES METIERS 



V epicier — grocer 
Le boulanger — baker 



Le 



Le 
Le 
Le 



Le boucher — butcher 

Le laitier — milkman 

Le tailleur — tailor 

La modiste — milliner Le 

La couturier e — dressmaker Le 

Le gantier — glover Le 

Le bijoutier — jeweller Le 

128 



charpentier — 

carpenter 
forgeron — blacksmith 
macon — mason 
mecanicien — ■ 

mechanician 
coiffeur — hairdresser 
barbier — barber 
cuisinier — cook 
cocher — coachman 



Je veux parler au caissier (Tune transaction que j'ai 
faite avec le courtier de la maison. 

I wish to speak to the cashier of a transaction I have 
made with the broker of the house. 
Cette maison d' exportation a beaucoup de clients. 

This exporting firm has many clients. 
Le patron est un des importateurs et exportateurs les 
plus connus de Boston et son frere est le f abricant 
de machines a. chaussures le plus important. 
The principal is one of the best known importers and 
exporters of Boston and his brother is the most 
important manufacturer of shoe machinery. 
Je vais construire une maison. 
I am going to build a house. 
L'architecte a fait un tres beau plan. La maison aura 
cinq chambres et une grande cuisine. 
The architect has made a very fine plan. The house 
will have five rooms and a large kitchen. 
Je vais parler au charpentier et au macon au sujet de 
ma maison pendant que mon epouse achete des 
provisions chez Pepicier, le boulanger et le boucher. 
I am going to speak to the carpenter and the mason 
about my house whilst my wife buys the food at 
the grocer's, baker's, and butcher's. 
Qui est votre tailleur? 
Who is your tailor? 
Mon tailleur est M. Francois, qui a une boutique rue 
Lafayette au numero 615 et coupe a PAmericaine. 
My tailor is Mr. Francois who has a shop 615 rue 
Lafayette and cuts American style. 
Mon barbier m'a coupe le visage. 

My barber has cut my face. 
La bonne epouse ne va pas ennuyer son mari avec 
des factures de tailleurs, de gantiers, de bijou- 
tiers et de coiffeurs. 
The good wife will not molest her husband with bills 
of tailors, glovers, jewellers and hairdressers. 
Ma cousine ecrit plus de quatre-vingt-dix mots a la 
minute sur la machine. 
My cousin typewrites more than 90 words a minute. 



129 



EXERCICE 

Quel est le nom de cette banque? 

What is the name of this bank? 
C'est la Banque Nationale d'Espagne. 

It is the National Bank of Spain. 
Etes-vous un client de cette banque? 

Are you a client of this bank? 
Non, Monsieur, je ne suis pas un client de cette 
banque, mais Monsieur Jean Martin, qui est un 
capitaliste, a un fort compte dans cette banque. 
No, sir, I am not a client of this bank, but Mr. 
John Martin who is a capitalist, carries a large 
account in this bank. 
Le president, ou a-t-il son bureau? 

The president, where has he his office? 
Ici; mais il n'y est pas maintenant: voulez-vous parler 
a son secretaire ou a un de ses employes? 
Here; but he is not in now, do you wish to speak to 
his secretary or to one of his assistants? 
Non, je reviendrai plus tard. 

No, I shall come back later. 
Ce monsieur est-il le comptable ou le caissier de la 
banque? 
Is this gentleman the accountant or the cashier of 
the bank? 
C'est le gerant et ce monsieur-la est un de ses em- 
ployes. 
He is the manager and that gentleman there is one 
of his assistants. 
Ecrivez une lettre au gerant de la Banque Americaine 
pour obtenir des renseignements sur M. X. 
Write a letter to the manager of the American Bank 
so as to obtain information concerning Mr. X. 



180 



LESSON 22 

Vingt-deuxieme lecon 

LA MAISON DE COMMERCE 

Le commerce en detail — Retail commerce. 

Le commerce en gros — Wholesale Commerce 

Le bureau — office La facture — bill 

Le marche — market Les frais — expenses 

Le magasin — store La command e — order 

La boutique — shop Le bordereau — 

Le cheque — check memorandum 

Le telegramm e-telegram Le catalogue — catalogue 

L'echantillon — sample La correspondance — 

Le courrier — mail correspondence 

LES MARCHANDISES SONT 
exportees — exported en caisses — in cases 

importees — imported en colis — in packages 

envoyees — sent en tonnes — in casks 

POUR ETRE VENDUES 
au comptant — ready cash au poids — by the weight 
a credit — on credit a la piece — by the piece 

avec escompte — with a la douzaine — by the 

discount dozen 

sans escompte — without au mille — by the thousand 
discount 

The past participle. 

We have already learned in lesson 12 how to form the 
past participle of the first conjugation. All regular 
verbs of the second conjugation (verbs ending in IR) 
form their past participle by simply dropping the final 
R in this manner: 

Ex: DORMIR to sleep DORMI slept. 

All regular verbs of the third conjugation (ending in 
oir) form their past participle by dropping the infinitive 
ending evoir and adding U 

Ex: RECEVOIR changes into RE£U 
(to receive) (received) 

131 



All verbs of the fourth conjugation (verbs ending in 
RE) form their past participle by dropping the ending 
RE and replacing it by U 

Ex: VENDRE to sell VENDU sold. 

We have already learned in lesson 12 how to form the 
PAST INDEFINITE which is used almost exclusively 
in French conversation when speaking of events of 
the past. Simply add the past participle of the 
active verb you propose to make use of to the verb 
avoir, conjugated in the present indicative. 
Ex: I have spoken — j'ai parle 
He has slept — il a dormi 
She has received — elle a recu 

The very great majority of verbs of the French 
language form their past participle as above described. 

However, the following form the Past Indefinite by 
conjugating the auxiliary verb ETRE (instead of 
avoir) and adding to it the Past Participle : 

1. All reflexive verbs. 

2. The following 14 verbs, called verbs of movement.* 
Aller — to go 

Venir — to come 

Partir — to depart 

Arriver — to arrive 

Entrer — to enter, to go in, to come in 

Sortir — to go out 

Monter — to go up 

Descendre — to go down 

Tomber — to fall 

Rester — to remain, to stay 

Nattre — to be born 

Mourir — to die 

Devenir — to become 

Passer — to pass by, to pass through. 

*There are two kinds of verbs of movement. 

(1.) Those, which express the movement in general 
and which are above given. 

(2.) Those which not only refer to the place where 
the movement is executed, but also specify distinctly 
the exact kind of movement. These are conjugated 
in the compound tenses with "avoir" and not with 
"§tre" e.g., patiner, sauter, nager, danser, etc. 

132 



REMEMBER THIS RULE 

The Past Participle of any verb when used after any 
of the persons (present, past or future) of ETRE, 
automatically becomes an adjective and must agree in 
gender and in number with the noun or pronoun which 
it qualifies or to which it refers, viz. : 

Infinite — Parler (to speak) 

Past Participle when used as adjectives. 
Parle spoken (m.s.) Paries spoken (m.p.) 

Parlee spoken (f.s.) Parlees spoken (f.p.) 

NOTE — You will note that to form the feminine of 
the masculine past participle used as an adjective you 
simply add (e) to the masculine. To pluralize either 
form just add (s). Examples: 

(m.s.) Le livre est ferme. (m.s.) 

(m.p.) Les livres sont fermes. (m.p.) 

(f.s.) La porte est fermee. (f.s.) 

(f.p.) Les portes sont fermees. (f.p.) 



THEME 

1 . Has the merchant a stenographer? 

2. The merchant has three stenographers. 

3. Can the merchant import those white handker- 

chiefs? 

4. He can import those handkerchiefs no longer. 

5. Does the manufacturer want to export these high 

shoes? 

6. He wants to export the low shoes. 

7. The manager never arrives late. 

8. But this clerk can never arrive on time. 

9. This travelling salesman can no longer love his 

house. 

10. The broker does no longer want to buy our store. 

11. The banker's son is accountant in his father's 

bank. 

133 



12. Our treasurer does not want to go to the broker's 

office. 

13. Our clients are the richest capitalists of the city. 

14. The baker never wants to enter our house. 

15. I want to go to the grocer's. 

16. Can you go to the tailor's to-night? 

17. The tailor wants to deposit his money in the bank. 

18. He wants to speak to the cashier. 

19. The exporter wants to telephone to the pretty 

stenographer. 

20. My suit is at the tailor's. 

21. The coachman cannot go to the city this afternoon. 

22. I want to visit the jeweler's store. 

23. My uncle is in the wholesale business. 

24. My father is a manufacturer. 

25. You can buy handkerchiefs by the dozen. 

26. You cannot buy your hats by the thousand. 

27. Do you want to buy that suit on credit? 

28. I cannot buy that suit cash. 

29. Do you buy umbrellas by the dozen? 

30. No, I buy them by the piece. 

31. Have you the sample? 

32. I cannot send the bills now. 

33. I am going to send the bills next week. 

34. My father does not want to pay my expenses. 

35. I do not want to deposit this check at the bank. 

36. The mail cannot arrive before nine o'clock. 

37. I do not want to buy on credit. 

38. Yesterday, we spoke French. 

39. He spoke English, yesterday. 

40. This man has eaten well. 

41. Yesterday we received our mail at noon. 

42. We sold five dozen shirts last week. 

43. They have bought two suits and two hats. 

44. I went to the theatre last week. 

45. I arrived late. 

46. Yesterday I came to the school very early. 

47. I came up in the elevator. 

48. But I did not remain a long time. 

49. I departed immediately. 

50. My father arrived yesterday. 

51. But he returned to his home this morning. 

134 



LESSON 23 

Vingt troisieme Lecon 



Who is it? 

It is I 

It is he 
It is she 
It is we 
It is you 
It is they 
It is they 

Le prof esseur a un crayon 



Qui est-ce? 

C'est moi 
C'est lui 
C'est elle 
C'est nous 
C'est vous 
Ce sont eux 
Ce sont elles 



et moi aussi 

lui aussi 

elle aussi 

nous aussi 

vous aussi 

eux aussi 

elles aussi 

Also I, also he t etc. 



Ce n'est pas moi 
Ce n'est pas lui 
Ce n'est pas elle 
Ce n'est pas nous 
Ce n'est pas vous 
Ce ne sont pas eux 
Ce ne sont pas elles 

Le prof esseur n'a pas 
de crayon. 

et moi non plus 

lui non plus 

elle non plus 

nous non plus 

vous non plus 

eux non plus 

elles non plus 

neither /, neither he, etc. 



's is sometimes expressed in French by "chez' 1 

chez Favocat 
chez le docteur 
chez la modiste 
chez la couturiere 
chez la coiffeuse 
chez Mme. Wilson 



at the lawyer's 
at the doctor's 
at the milliner's 
at the dressmaker's 
at the hairdresser's 
at Mrs. Wilson's 



What 


Qu' 


Why 


Pourquoi 


When 


Quand 


How 


Comment 


How much 


Combien 


For whom 


Pour qui 





r je parle? 
I speak 
je donne? 


► est-ce que* 

do 


I give 

je vends? 

I sell 
j'achete? 

. I buy 



135 



LESSON 24 

Vingt-quatrieme Lecon. 



LES MOYENS DE TRANSPORTATION 
Means of Transportation 



Le train — train 
V express — express 
La locomotive — 

locomotive 
Le wagon — wagon 

La voiture carriage 

L'automobile (L'auto) — 
motor car 



L'autobus — bus 

V omnibus — omnibus 

Le taxi — taxi 

Le metro — subway 

Le bateau — ship 

Le tramway — electric car 

La bicyclette — bicycle 



Les prepositions "A" et "EN" 

Remember: "EN" — in; when concerning a vehicle 
or for countries. 



Je vais* 



f en voiture 
en tramway 
en metro 
en taxi 
en bateau 

k en autobus 



Je vais 
Allons-nous 
Vous etes 
lis sont 
Elles vont 



en France 
en Angleterre? 
en Belgique 
en Allemagne 
en Russie 



Remember: "a" — on 

"a" -° for towns 
( m 

Je vais a Boston — I go to Boston. 
Je suis a Boston I am in Boston. 
Vous allez a Londres 
Allez-vous a New York? 
Allez-vous a bicyclette? 
Est-ce que vous allez a pied? 
Je vais a cheval 

136 






EXERCICE 

Oft est Pauto? 

Where is the motor car? 
Voici Pauto. 

Here is the motor car. 
Allez-vcus le prendre? 

Are you going to take it? 
Oui, je ne vais pas a la gare en tramway, je vais en 
taxi, car je dois prendre le train a dix heures 
precises et il est deja neuf heures et demie. 
Yes; I am not going to the station in the trolley, I 
am going in a taxi as I have to take the train at 
ten o'clock sharp and it is already half -past nine. 
Oft allez-vous? 

Where are you going? 
A New York par express. 

To New York by express. 
Pourquoi n'attendez-vous pas jusqu'a demain pour 
prendre un des bateaux de Fall Fiver? Vous 
allez trouver bien plus confortable de voyager par 
bateau que par train. 
Why do you not wait until to-morrow to take one 
of the Fall River boats? You are going to find it 
much more comfortable to travel by boat than by 
train. 
Comment allez-vous a la ville de Providence? 

How do you go to Providence? 
Je prends le train a. la Gare du Sud. Le voyage dure a 
peu pres une heure en express et une heure et 
demie en train omnibus. 
I take the train at South Station. The trip lasts 
more or less one hour by express and one hour 
and a half by a local train. 
Qu'est-ce que c'est? C'est un autobus qui remplace 
Pomnibus. 
What is this? It is a bus which replaces the old 
omnibus. 
Pourquoi n'achetez-vous pas une bicyclette? 

Why do you not buy a bicycle? 
Je n'aime pas ce sport, mais j'aime aller a cheval. 
I don't like that sport, but I like horseback-riding. 

137 



CONVERSATION 
A Journey by Train 



— Ma malle est-elle faite? 
— Oui, je Tai faite moi- 

m§me. 
— Avez-vous nn indica- 

teur? 
— Le voila. 
— Nous ne sommes pas en 

retard. 
— Me permettez-vous de 

vous accompagner a 

la gare? 
— Mais certainement; j'en 

serai enchants. 
— Comment trouvez-vous 

notre gare du Nord? 
— Je ne veux pas vous 

faire de peine, mais je 

crois que c'est la plus 

sale du monde en- 
tier. 
— Allons, allons, vous exa- 

gerez. 
— Pas du tout; je n'ai 

jamais rien vu de 

pareil. 
— Nous y voila! 
— Combien de temps 

avons-nous encore? 
— Nous avons encore sept 

minutes. 
— Je vais retenir ma place. 

— Voici un facteur; il va 

porter votre valise. 
— Montez-vous dans ce 

wagon? 
— Non, je pref ere le com- 

partiment des fu- 

meurs. 



Is my trunk packed? 
Yes, I packed it myself. 

Have you a time-table? 

Here it is. 

We are not late. 

May I accompany you to 
the station? 

Certainly; I shall be de- 
lighted. 

How do you like our 
North Station? 

I do not want to hurt your 
feelings, but I think it is 
the dirtiest station in the 
world. 

Now, now, you exaggerate. 

Not at all; I have never 
seen anything like it. 

Here we are! 

How much time have we 

yet? 
We have still seven minutes. 

I must go and reserve my 

seat. 
Here is a porter; he will 

carry your bag. 
Do you take this coach? 

No, I will take a smoking- 
carriage. 



138 



— Ou est le guichet? 

— A gauche, au fond. 

— Donnez-moi un billet 

simple pour New 

York. 
— Restez dans la salle 

d'attente tandis que 

je fais enregistrer mes 

bagages. 
— II n'y a pas eu d'ex- 

cedent de bagage. 
— Venez avez moi au kios- 

que des journaux. 
— Ce sac est-il a vous. 



Where is the ticket of- 
fice? 

To the left, at the end. 

Give me a single ticket 
for New York. 

Remain in the waiting- 
room while I have my 
luggage checked. 

There was no excess bag- 
gage. 

Come with me to the 
new stand. 

Is this bag yours? 



Dans le wagon. 

— Cette place est-elle re- 

tenue, Monsieur? 
— Oui, Monsieur, les deux 

places sont retenues. 
— Tiens, comment allez- 

vous, Monsieur? 
— Tres bien, je vous re- 

mercie. Voulez-vous 

vousasseoir avec moi? 
— II fait chaud; je vais 

ouvrir la fenitre. 
— Vou^riez-vous baisser 

le store? J'ai le soleil 

dans les yeux. 
— A quelle station 

cendez-vous? 
— Je descends a la 

chaine station. 
— J'en suis fache. 
— Le train s'arr£te 

quelques minutes et 

je vous invite a 

venir avec moi au 

buffet. 



des- 



On the train. 

Is this seat reserved, sir? 

Yes, sir, the two seats are 

reserved. 
Oh! How do you do, sir? 

Very well, thank you. Will 

you share my seat with 

me? 
It is warm; I will open the 

window. 
Will you please pull down 

the shade? The sun is 

in my eyes. 
Where do you get off? 



pro- I get off at the next station. 



I am sorry. 

The train stops a few 
minutes and I will ask 
you to come with me to 
the refreshment-room. 



139 



-Aimez-vous a lire dans 
le train? 

-Non, cela me fait mal 
aux yeux. Je pre- 
fere parler ou dormir. 

-Ce train est-il un ra- 
pide? 

-Non, c'est un omnibus 
jusqu'a Providence. 

-Nous n'attendrons pas 
plus longtemps. Al- 
lons au wagon-res- 
taurant. J'ai soif et 
faim. 



Do you like to read on a 

train ? 
No, it hurts my eyes. I 

prefer to talk or sleep. 

Is this train an express? 

No, it is a 'local as far as 
Providence. 

We will not wait any longer. 
Let us go to the dining- 
car. I am thirsty and 
hungry. 



THEME 

1. I don't want to take that train. 

2. I am going to New York by train. 

3. I arrived yesterday from Providence. 

4. Can you go on foot to Cambridge? 

5. Yes, but I want to take the electric car. 

6. He is going by boat. 

7. I also. 

8. We cannot ride. 

9. Neither I. 

10. My sister rides a horse and I ride a bicycle. 

11. We are going home. 

12. He is going home. 

13. I come from my home. 

14. He comes from their home. 

15. We are in America, but we are going to Europe 

next Fall. 

16. We have a motor car. 

17. My uncle has a carriage and a horse. 

18. I do not want to buy a motor car, this year. 

19. The pupils cannot take the five o'clock train. 

20. The New York express is late. 

21. We are going to take a taxi. 

22. We do not want to arrive home after midnight. 



140 



LESSON 25 

Vingt-cinquieme Lee on 

LES ANIMAUX 

Le cheval — horse Le pigeon — dove 

La vache — cow Le canard — duck 

La genisse — calf Le coq — rooster 

Le chien — dog La poule — hen 

Le chat — cat Le poulet — chicken 

L'ane — donkey La dinde — turkey 

Le mouton — sheep L'oie — goose 

L'agneau — lamb La perdrix — partridge 

Le cochon — pig Le lievre — hare 

LES FLEURS DU JARDIN 

une rose — a rose un lys — a lily 

une violette — a violet un oeillet — a carnation 

un muguet — un myosotis — 

a lily of the valley a forget-me-not 

LES PRINCIPAUX ARBRES 
DE LA FORET 

un cedre cedar- tree 

un sapin pine-tree 

un chene oak-tree 

un noyer walnut-tree 

un peuplier poplar- tree 

un acajou a mahogany-tree 

EXERCICE 

Avez-vous ete au jardin zoologique? 

Have you been to the zoological garden? 
J'y ai ete avant-hier avec ma mere et ma soeur. 

I have been there the day before yesterday with my 
mother and sister. 

141 



Pai un beau chat chez moi; c'est un chat perse de 
grande valeur. 

I have a beautiful cat at home; it is a Persian cat of 
great value. 
Je n'aime pas les chats, mais j'aime les chiens. 

I don't like cats, but I like dogs. 
Pai un bouledogue qui a gagne une medaille d'or a 
la derniere exposition. 
I have a bull- dog which won a gold medal at the 
last show. 
Quelques homines ont moins d'intelligence qu'un &ne. 

Some men have less wisdom than a donkey. 
Mon pere a une des f ermes le plus grandes du Kansas ; 
il a des centaines de vaches et de genisses, des 
chevaux et des moutons, mais il n'eleve pas de 
cochons. 
My father has one of the largest farms in Kansas; 
he has hundreds of cows and calves, horses and 
sheep, but he does not raise any pigs. 
JPai envoye une rose rouge a Marie et quand je suis 
passe devant sa maison, elle regardait par la 
fenetre et elle portait la rose dans ses cheveux. 
Que je suis veinard! 
I sent Mary a red rose and when I passed her house 
she was looking out of the window and wore the 
rose in her hair. What a lucky fellow I am. 
Paime beaucoup les roses mais la violette est ma 
fleur favorite. 
I love roses very much but a violet is my favorite 
flower. 
Allez-vous prendre des vacances cet ete. 

Are you going to take a vacation this summer? 
Oui, je vais passer un mois dans les grandes forets de 
PEtat du Maine. 
Yes, I shall go for a month to the big forests of the 
State of Maine. 
Pai une belle maison de campagne entouree de chenes, 
de noyers et de sapins. 
I have a beautiful cottage surrounded by oak trees, 
walnut trees and pine trees. 
Venez y passer quelque temps avec moi. 
Come and spend some time with me there. 

142 



Qa va vraiment vous plaire. 

You will really like it. 
Mon estomac est malade. Le medecin ne me permet 
que la volaille. Je suis condamne au canard, au 
poulet et a la perdrix a perpetuite. Je donnerais 
un royaume pour un gigot de mouton, ou un 
Chateaubriand. 

My stomach is sick. The doctor allows me nothing 
but fowl. I am forever condemned to eat duck, 
chicken and partridge. I would give a kingdom for 
a leg of lamb or a fillet steak. 



CONVERSATION 

At the Zoological Gardens 



— Tenez, allons de ce 

cote. Les cages des 

lions sont la. 
— Voyez ce lion-ci. C'est 

le plus gros de tous. 

II s'appelle Dewey. 
— On ne peut pas dire que 

le roi s'amuse. 

— En effet, Dewey parait 
s'ennuyer royale- 
ment. II nous bailie 
au nez avez un souve- 
rain mepns des con- 
venances. Voyez la 
puissance de cette 
formidable machoire! 

— C'est vraiment un spec- 
tacle un peu triste de 
voir la superbe b£te 
en captivite. 

— Tiens, il se secoue et re- 
dresse sa criniere. 

— Les cages des tigres sont 
tout pres, de ce cote. 
Allons-y. 



Here, let us go this way. 
The lions 1 cages are 
there. 

See this lion here. It is 
the largest of all. It is 
called Dewey. 

One cannot say that the 
king is having a good 
time. 

Indeed, Dewey seems to be 
royally lonesome. He 
gaps in our face with 
a perfect contempt of 
proprieties. See the 

puissance of that formid- 
able jaw! 

It is really a slightly sad- 
dening spectacle to see 
the superb beast captive. 

See, it shakes itself and 

erects its mane. 
The tigers' cages are very 

near on this side. Let 

us go there. 



143 



— lis ont le mime regard 
que Dewey; fier, de- 
daigneux et ennuye. 

— Celui-ci se leve pour 
nous accueillir. 

— N'est-ce pas qu'il est 
gracieux et fort: la 
gr&ce de la sultane et 
la force du guerrier! 

— lis ressemblent bien 
peu aux ours lourds, 
et gauches que nous 
admirions tout a 1' 
heure. 

— II faut visiter la maison 
des singes. Est-ce 
que vous ne les ad- 
mirez pas aussi? 

— Si, je les admire. lis 
sont interessants, 
mais ils nous ressem- 
blent trop. Ils sont 
vaniteux comme nous, 
cabotins comme nous 
et nous les meprisons. 
Mais, voyez, nous 
n'allons pas rencon- 
trer les loups sans les 
saluer. 

— Ceux-ci au moins sont 
assez sauvages et as- 
sez eloignes de nous 
pour vous plaire. 

— Oh! Je les aime. Ils 
symbolisent bien des 
vertus, que nous n' 
avons que dans nos 
reves; la passion de 
l'independance et un 
stoicisme sans pose. 



They have the same glance 
as Dewey; proud, dis- 
dainful and bored. 

This one rises to greet us. 

How graceful it is and 
strong; the grace of a 
sultana with the strength 
of a warrior! 

They are very unlike the 
clumsy and ungainly 
bears, that we were ad- 
miring a few minutes 
ago. 

We must visit the monkeys 1 
house. Do you not ad- 
mire them also? 

Yes, I admire them. They 
are interesting, but they 
are too much like us. 
They are vain like we are, 
comedians like we are 
and we despise them. 
But look! we are not going 
to meet the wolves with- 
out presenting our com- 
pliments. 

These at least are wild 
enough and far away 
enough from us to please 
you. 

Oh! I like them. They 
symbolize many virtues, 
that we possess only in 
our dreams; the passion 
for independence and 
a stoicism without af- 
fectation. 



144 



LESSON 26 

Vingt-Sixieme Lecon 



L'HOTEL 



L'ETRANGER 

arrive 

a l'Hdtel Copley Plaza. 

II demande 

LE PRIX 

pour 

UNE CHAMBRE A 

COUCHER 

On lui fait voir 

LETARIF 

qui n'est pas eleve. 

LE VOYAGEUR 

s'inscrit. 

On lui donne 

UNE CLE 

et il monte au 

DEUXIEME ETAGE 

par 

L'ASCENSCEUR. 

En meme temps 

LE FACTEUR 

a monte par 

LES ESCALIERS 

LES MALLES 

et LES VALISES 

et les a deposees dans 

LE VESTIBULE. 

LA FEMME DE 

CHAMBRE 

ouvre la porte et les 

fenetres, 

tourne la lumiere, 



The stranger 
arrives 
at the Hotel Copley- 
Plaza. 
He asks 
the price 
of (for) 
a bed-room. 

One shows him 

the tariff 

which is not expensive. 

The traveller 

registers. 

He is given 

a key 

and he goes up to the 

second floor 

by 

the elevator. 

Meanwhile 

the porter 

has carried up 

the stairs 

the trunks 

and the valises 

and has left them in 

the vestibule. 

The chamber-maid 
opens the door and 

windows, 
turns the lights on, 



145 



apporte 


brings 


DES ESSUIE-MAINS 


towels 


et 


and 


DU SAVON, 


soap, 


prepare 


prepares 


LE BAIN 


the bath 


avec 


with 


DE L'EAU CHAUDE 


hot water 


et 


and 


DE L'EAU FROIDE 


cold water 


et met 


and puts 


LES COUVERTURES 


the covers 


sur 


on 


LE LIT. 


the bed. 


Le voyageur 


The traveller 


arrange son 


arranges his 


BAGAGE 


luggage 


et demande 


and asks for 


UN JOURNAL. 


a newspaper. 


LE CHASSEUR 


The bell-boy 


annonce 


announces 


au voyageur 


to the traveller 


qu'il y a un visit eur 


that there is a visitor 


pour lui 


for him 


AU SALON. 


in the drawing-room. 


11 descend 


He goes down 


peu de temps apres 


a short time after 


et invite 


and invites 


son visiteur 


his visitor 


a diner avec lui a 


to dine with him in 


LA SALLE A 


the dining-room. 


MANGER. 




Comme it fait tres chaud 


As it is very warm 


il s'asseoit 


he sits down 


sous 


under 


UN VENTILATEUR 


the ventilator 


pres de 


near to the 


la porte d'acces a 


door leading to 


LA BIBLIOTHEQUE. 


the library. 



146 



CONVERSATION 

At the Hotel 



-J'ai retenu une chambre 
par depeche. 

-Oui, je sais; vous de- 
sirez une chambre au 
deuxieme, dormant 
sur la rue. Mal- 

heureusement nous 
n'avons de chambres 
dormant sur la rue 
qu'au quatrieme. 

-Est-ce qu'il y a une 
salle de bain attenant 
a ces chambres? 

-Sans doute; il y a une 
salle de bain at- 
tenant a toutes nos 
chambres. 

-Alors, faites-moi voir 
une de ces chambres. 

-Donnez votre sac de 
voyage au facteur. 

-La cage de l'ascenseur 
est la a gauche, de 
T autre cote du grand 
escalier. 

-Cette chambre me con- 
vient. Quel est le 
prix pour la nuit? 

-Vingt francs. 

-Puis-je prendre mes re- 
pas ici? 

-Certainement ; nous 
avons une excellente 
cuisine. Nous avons 
table-d'hote jusqu'a 
neuf heures. 

-J'ai dine. Demain 

matin je prendrai le 
cafe dans ma chambre 
vers huit heures. 



/ have reserved a room by 
telegram. 

Yes, I know; you wish 
for a front room on the 
second floor. Unfor- 
tunately we have no 
front rooms except on 
the fourth floor. 



Are these rooms with bath? 



Certainly; all our 
are with bath. 



Then let me see one of 

these rooms. 
Give your bag to the porter. 

The elevator booth is there 
at the left beyond the 
main staircase. 

This room suits me. What 
is the price for the 
night? 

Twenty francs. 

May I have my meals here? 

Certainly; we have a very 
good "cuisine." We 

have "table d'hote" until 
nine o'clock. 

I have had dinner. I will 
have my coffee in my 
room at eight o'clock 
to-morrow morning. 



147 



— D esi rez- vous autre 

chose? 

— J'ai du linge a faire 
blanchir. 

— Votre linge sera lave et 
repass e dans les vingt 
quatre heures, si vous 
le donnez a. notre 
blanchisseuse. 

— Voici mon bulletin de 
bagages. Je voudrais 
avoir ma malle 
aussit6t que possible. 

— Vous trouverez dans 
la salle de bain tout 
ce qu'il faut; savon, 
essuie-mains, eau 
chaude, eau f roide. 

— Quel est le numero de 
cette chambre? 

— C'est le numero 629. 

— A quelle heure la do- 
mestique fait-elle la 
chambre? 

— A l'heure que vous 
voudrez. 

— Je dois partirparle train 
de midi; voulez-vous 
me donner la note? 

— Avez-vous deja vu tout 
ce qui'l y a a voir a 
Paris? 

— Non, mais je revien- 
drai. 

— Le bagage de Mon- 
sieur est descendu. 

— Faites-moi appeler un 
taxi. 

— Tout est pr§t. Mon- 
sieur ne manquera 
pas de descendre ici, 
s'il revient a Paris. 



Do you wish for anything 
else? 

I have soiled linen to send 
to the washing. 

Your linen will be washed 
and ironed in twenty- 
four hours if you send it 
to our laundry. 

Here is my baggage check. 
I would like to have 
my trunk as soon as 
possible. 

You will find in the bath- 
room all that is needed; 
soap, towels, hot and 
cold water. 

What is the number of this 
room? 

It is number 629. 

At what time does the ser- 
vant make the bed? 

At the hour that suits you. 

I must leave by the noon 

train; will you give me 

the bill? 
Have you already seen 

everything worth seeing 

in Paris? 
No, but I will come back. 

Your baggage has been 

taken down. 
Call me a taxi-cab. 

Everything is ready. You 
must put up at our 
hotel, if you come again 
to Paris. 



148 



LESSON 27 

Vingt-septieme Lecon. 

LE MARCHE 

J'achete chez Pepicier 

I buy at the grocer's 
du the — tea du poivre — pepper 

du cafe — coffee de Phuile — oil 

du chocolat — chocolate du vinaigre — vinegar 
du sucre — sugar des confitures — jams 

du sel — salt des conserves — preserves 

II achete chez le boucher 

He buys at the butcher's 
de la viande — meat du mouton — mutton 

du boeuf — beef de Pagneau — lamb 

du veau — veal du pore — pork 

Elle achete chez le boulanger 

She buys at the baker's 
du pain — bread de la patisserie — pastry 

des gateaux — cakes 

Nous achetons chez le laitier 

We buy at the dairy 
des oeufs — eggs du beurre — butter 

du lait — milk du fromage — cheese 

Vous achetez chez le fruitier 

You buy at the greengrocer's 
des fruits — fruit 
des peches — peaches des cerises — cherries 

des poires — pears des fraises — strawberries 

des pommes — apples des figues — figs 

des oranges — oranges des prunes — plums 

des ananas — pineapples des noisettes — nuts 
du raisin — grapes des amandes — almonds 

149 



des legumes — vegetables 
des pommes de terre — des choux-fleurs — 

potatoes cauliflower 

des choux — cabbage des asperges — asparagus 

des champignons — des petits pois — 

mushroom green peas 

des concombres — 
de la laitue — lettuce cucumbers 

des tomates — tomatoes des haricots — beans 

lis achetent chez la fleuriste 

They buy at the florist's 
des plantes — plants des fleurs — flowers 

des bouquets de fleurs — bouquets 

Le marchand de vins vend 

The wine merchant sells 
de Palcool — alcohol de la biere — beer 

du vin — wine des liqueurs — cordials 

Les marchands de poissons vendent 

The fish merchants sell 
des poissons — fish des huitres — oysters 

des tortues — turtles 

EXERCICE. 

Ma femme est allee au marche pour acheter de la 
viande, des fruits, des oeufs et d'autres petites 
provisions comme du sel, du poivre, du cafe et 
du the. 

My wife is gone to the market to buy meat, fruit, 

eggs and other little provisions like salt, pepper, 

coffee and tea. 
Je vais faire ce soir une bonne salade de fruits. 

I am going to make to-night a nice fruit salad. 
Je vais peler des bananes, des peches, des oranges, 

et des pommes et je vais les melanger avec un 

peu de sucre. 
I shall peel bananas, peaches, oranges, and apples 

and mix them with a little sugar. 

150 



N'oubliez pas d'acheter du pain, des oeufs, du betirre, 
du lait et du fromage. 

Do not forget to buy bread, eggs, butter, milk and 
cheese. 
Apportez-moi une bouteille de bon vin et deux dou- 
zaines d'huitres. 
Bring me a bottle of good wine and two dozen 
oysters. 
Je ne veux plus manger de viande. 

I no longer want to eat meat. 
Mon pere ne mange que des legumes; il ne mange ni 
viande, ni oeufs, ni fromage. 
My father eats nothing but vegetables; he eats 
neither meat, nor eggs, nor cheese. 
Je ne bois jamais de the; je bois quelquefois du choco- 
lat et tres souvent du cafe. 
I never drink tea; I sometimes drink chocolate and 
very often coffee. 
Je ne mets ni lait ni sucre dans mon cafe. 

I put neither milk nor sugar in my coffee. 
Ma mere ne veut pas donner de confitures a cet 
enfant. 
My mother does not want to give preserves to that 
child. 
Nous devons manger des fruits, le matin, avant de- 
jeuner. 
We must eat fruit in the morning before breakfast. 
Nous ne pouvons plus acheter de vins. 

We can no longer buy wines. 
II met du poivre et du sel sur les tomates. 

He puts pepper and salt on tomatoes. 
II va envoyer sa laitue et ses petits pois au marche. 
He is going to send his lettuce and his green peas to 
the market. 



151 



LESSON 28 


Vingt-huitieme Lecon 


Le banquet 


the banquet 


Le petit dejeuner 


breakfast 


Le dejeuner 


lunch 


Le diner 


dinner 


Le souper 


supper 


AU RESTAURANT 


Monsieur et Madame 


Mr. and Mrs. 


Jean Beranger 


Jean Beranger 


vont diner 


go to dine 


au restaurant 


to the restaurant Du 


Du Pont 


Pont. 


lis prennent une table 


They take a table 


au coin de la salle 


at a corner of the room 


tout pres 


very near 


d'une grande glace. 


a large looking-glass. 


Monsieur Beranger 


Mr. Beranger 


a laisse 


has left 


son chapeau et sa canne 


his hat and his cane 


au vestiaire. 


in the wardrobe. 


11 y a sur la table 
une nappe 


On the table there are 


a table-cloth 


des verres 


glasses 


des assiettes 


plates 


Phuilier 


the cruet 


et la saliere. 


and the salt cellar. 


Monsieur et Madame 


The gentleman and his 


regardent 


wife look over 


le menu 


the bill of fare 


et ils decident 


and they decide 


de ne pas manger 


not to eat 


a la carte 


a la carte 


car 


for 


c'est trop couteux 


it is too expensive 



152 



M. 



mais de manger 

a prix fixe 

ce qui est meilleur 

marche 

Le garcon 
apporte deux 
verres d'eau. 

Pour commencer 
Beranger commande 
des sardines et 
des olives farcies. 



M. et Mme. Beranger 

mangent, apres cela, 

une bonne soupe 

et du poisson. 

Pour manger la soupe 

ils se servent de 

la cuiller 

et ils mangent 

le poisson avec 

la fourchette. 

Comme Mme. Beranger 

est tres grasse 

elle ne mange 

ni pain, 

ni beurre, 

ni pommes de terre. 

Elle mange 

de la viande et des 

legumes. 

Elle commande 

un rdti de veau aux 

epinards 

et son mari 

du poulet aux pommes 

frites. 



but to eat at 
set price (special din- 
ner) 
which is cheaper. 

The waiter 

brings two 

glasses of water. 

To start with 

Mr. Beranger orders 

sardines and 

stuffed olives. 

Mr. and Mrs. Beranger 

eat after that 

a good soup 

and some fish. 

To eat the soup 

they make use of 

the spoon 

and they eat 

the fish with 

the fork. 

As Mrs. Beranger is 

very stout 

she eats 

neither bread 

nor butter 
nor potatoes. 

She eats 
meat and vegetables. 

She orders 
roast veal and 

spinach 

and her husband 

chicken and fried 

potatoes. 



153 



Mme. B. qui a vecu 

longtemps 

en Amerique 

ne boit que 

du cafe au lait, 

du the ou 

du coca-cola, 

mais son mari 

suivant Phabitude 

de ses ancetres 

boit une demi-bouteille 

de vin 

* 'Chateau-Margaux." 

Apres avoir bu le bon 
vin il s'essuie les levies 
avec 
la serviette 
d'un air de satisfac- 
tion. 



Mrs. B. who has lived a 

long time 

in America 

drinks only 

coffee 

tea or 

coca-cola 

but her husband 

following the habit 

of his ancestors 

drinks half a bottle 

of wine 
"Chateau -Margaux." 

After having drunk the 

good wine 
he dries his lips with 

the napkin 
with an air of satisfac- 
tion. 



Pour finir le diner 

Mme. B. mange 

un dessert 

consistant de 

fraises a la creme 

pendant que M. B. 

qui ne tient pas 

au dessert 

boit 

une demi-tasse 

de cafe 

en f umant 

un bon cigare. 

Avant de quitter 

le restaurant 

M. B. paye 

Paddition 

et donne au garcon 

un pourboire. 



To finish the dinner 

Mrs. B. eats 

a dessert 

consisting of 

strawberries with cream 

whilst Mr. B. 

who does not care 

for dessert 

drinks 

a demi-tasse 

of coffee 

whilst he smokes 

a good cigar. 

Before leaving 

the restaurant 

Mr. B. pays 

the bill (check) 

and gives to the waiter 

a tip. 



154 



CONVERSATION 

at the Table 



— Le diner est pret. 

— Ce n'est pas trop t6t: 
j'ai une faim de loup. 

— Voila les hors-d'oeuvre: 
sai dines, anchois, ra- 
dis. 

— Je prendrai des radis. 

— Voyez la carte du jour; 
choisissez une entree. 

— Cette sole normande me 
va. 

— Je vous conseillerais de 
prendre le homard 
mayonnaise, qui est 
delicieux ici. 

— Non merci; le homard 
ne me reussit pas; 
j'ai l'estomac capri- 
cieux. 

— Alors, va pour la sole. 
Prendrez-vous du 
clairet? 

— Je prefere un petit vin 
blanc. 

— Tres bien. On a ici un 
vin blanc qui a un 
bouquet, un arome 

— Vous m'en 

direz des nouvelles. 



-Nous prenons ce filet 
de boeuf aux cham- 
pignons, n'est-ce pas? 



Dinner is ready. 

It is not too soon; I am as 
hungry as a wolf. 

Here are the hors oVouvre: 
sardines, anchovy, rad- 
ishes. 

I shall have radishes. 

See the list; choose an 
entree. 

This "sole normande 11 suits 
me. 

I would advise you to take 
the lobster mayonnaise 
which is delicious 



No, thank you; lobster 
does not agree with me; 
my stomach is capri- 
cious. 

Then let us have the sole. 
Will you have some 
claret? 

I prefer a light white wine. 



Very well. They have in 
this place a white wine 
which has a bouquet, en 
aroma ... — You will 
tell me what you think 
of it. 

We shall have this filet cf 
beef with mushrooms, 
shall we not? 



155 



— Comme vous voudrez. 
Je sais que c'est votre 
mets favori. Je 

Taime bien aussi. 

— Allons, servez-vous! 

— Preferez-vous les le- 
gumes maintenant 
ou apres le r6ti? 

— Apres le roti, s'il vous 
plait. 

— Veuillez me passer le 
pain, s'il vous plait! 

— Aimez-vous ce pain de 
guerre? 

— Je Taime bien. 

— Comment trouvez-vous 
le vin? 

— Je n'y ai pas encore 
goute. 

— Moi, je le trouve exquis. 

— Vous Stes un connais- 
seur. 

—Mais oui; j'ai toujours 
tenu a avoir une 
bonne cave chez moi. 

— Comme legumes il y a 
des petits pois, des 
haricots verts, des 
epinards, du chou- 
fleur au gratin, des 
pommes a la maitre 
d'hotel et des choux 
de Bruxelles. 

— Je prendrai les pommes 
de terre et le chou- 
fleur. 

— Vous avez bon gout. 

— Ne trouvez-vous pas que 
ce chou-fleur est trop 
sale? 



As you like. I know it is 
your favorite dish. I 
like it well too. 

Come, help yourself f 

Do you prefer to have the 

vegetables now or after 

the roast? 
After the roast, if you 

please. 
Please pass me the bread. 

Do you like this war bread? 

I like it well. 

How do you like the wine? 

I did not taste it yet. 

As for me, I think it ex- 
quisite. 
You are a connaisseur. 

Why yes; I have always 
seen to it that I had 
a good stock of wine at 
home. 

As for vegetables, we have 
peas, French beans, spin- 
ach, cauliflower au gra- 
tin, {baked with grated 
cheese) potatoes with 
parsley sauce and Brus- 
sels sprouts. 

I shall have the potatoes and 
the cauliflower. 

You have a good taste. 
Do you not think that there 

is too much salt in this 

cauliflower? 



156 



— J'aime les mets bien 
sales et bien epices. 

— Mettez-vous du vin- 
aigre dans votre sa- 
lade? 

— Oui, du vinaigre et de 
l'huile. 

— II y a beaucoup trop de 
salade dans ce sa- 
ladier. 

— Maintenant, les fro- 
mages! 

— Du roquefort pour moi. 

— Vous prendrez du des- 
sert? 

— Qu'est-ce que vous me 
conseillez? 

— Mais, l'ananas au 
kirsch. 

— Non, je prefere une 
glace. 

— Gargon, deux demi- 
tasses et l'addition! 



/ like all dishes well 
salted and well spiced. 

Do you put vinegar in 
your salad? 

Yes, vinegar and oil. 

There is too much salad 
in this salad bowl. 

Now for the cheese! 

Roquefort for me. 

Shall you have some des- 
sert? 

What do you advise me to 
take? 

Why, the pine-apple au 
kirsch 

No, I prefer ice cream. 

Waiter, two cups of cof- 
fee (demi-tasse) and the 
bill. 



Order of a Dinner Menu or Bill of Fare 

With the terms of cuisine (or cookery) 



FRENCH 

Hors d'GEuvres. 

Potage. 

Poissons. 

Releves. 

Entrees. 

R6tis. 

Legumes. 

Entremets. 

Gelees, Crimes. 

Fromage. 

Dessert. 

Glaces. 



ENGLISH. 

Appetisers. 

Soup. 

Fish. 

Removes. 

Entrees. 

Roasts. 

Vegetables. 

Side dishes. 

Jellies, creams. 

Cheese. 

Dessert.* 

Ices. 



157 



LESSON 29 

Vingt-neuvieme Lecon 

La ville — the city 
La capitale — the capital 
V avenue — the avenue 
La rue — the street 
Le carrefour — the square 
Le trottoir — the sidewalk 
V edifice — the building 
le palais — the palace 
Puniversite — the university 
Pecole — the school 
Peglise — the church 
Phopital — the hospital 
la prison — the jail 
le theatre — the theatre 
le musee — the museum 
le bureau de poste — the post office 
la gare — the station 
le port — the port 
Le gouverneur — the governor 
Le maire — the mayor 
Le sergent de ville — the policeman 
Le soldat — the soldier 
Le pompier — the fireman 
Le citoyen — the citizen 
Le drapeau — the flag 
la boite aux lettres — the letter box 
L'hotel de ville — the city hall 
Le palais du gouverne- 
ment — the state house 

EXERCICE 
La ville de Paris est la capitale de la France. 

The city of Paris is the capital of France. 
Est-ce que vous demeurez dans une ville ou dans 
un village? 

Do you live in a city or in a village? 

158 



Je demeure dans une belle ville, qui a de longues rues 
et de grandes avenues. Ma maison est situee 
rue Victor Hugo au numero 32 a cote du bureau 
de poste et en face d'un theatre. 

I live in a beautiful city, which has long streets and 
large avenues. My house is located 32 Victor 
Hugo Street beside the post office and in front of a 
theatre. 
Quel est cet edifice rouge au coin de la rue? C'est 
la Bibliotheque Nationale. 
What is that red building at the corner of the street? 
It is the National Library. 
N'y avez-vous jamais ete? 

Have you never been there? 
Si, j'y vais tres souvent. 

Yes, I go very often. 
Ou allez-vous maintenant? 

Where do you go now? 
Je vais au Little Building, Pedifice de bureaux le 
plus important de la ville de Boston etnon seule- 
ment le plus important, mais le plus beau aussi. 
I am going to the Little Building, the most important 
office building of the city of Boston and not only 
the most important, but the most beautiful also. 
Pourquoi y allez-vous? 

Why do you go there? 
Parce que je veux etudier Pespagnol a Pecole Dussault, 
qui est etablie la. 
Because I want to study Spanish at the Dussault 
School, which is established there. 
Hier, je suis alle visiter le port de la ville et demain 
j'irai voir l'eglise de la Trinite qui est un edifice 
magnifique. 
Yesterday I went to visit the port of the city and 
to-morrow I will go to see Trinity Church, which 
is a magnificent building. 
Quel est cet homme habille en bleu? 

Who is this man dressed in blue? 
C'est un sergent de ville. 
He is a policeman. 

159 



Mme. Wilson achete des livres. 
Par telephone: 

—Hello; Hello; Is that Beach 5822? 

— Yes Madam; the Dussault School of Languages. 

— Is Professor Dussault in? 

— I am Professor Dussault. 

— Ah, bonjour M. le professeur. Je suis Madame Wil- 
son. Je regrette de vous deranger. Je suis en train 
d'etudier les verbes, que vous nous avez indiques. 
£a ne va pas du tout. Est-ce que vous n'avez pas un 
livre quelconque, qui donne un tableau complet des 
verbes? 

— Nous ne vendons pas de livres, Madame Wilson, 
mais pourquoi n'allez vous pas chez Schoenhof ? 

— Qui est Schoenhof? Le nom ne me plait pas 
beaucoup. 

— En eflet, Madame, le nom est allemand, mais les 
proprietaires sont aussi peu allemands que vous et 
moi. Un des proprietaires, M. Jobin, est un francais. 
Allez le voir. II va vous montrer tous les livres que 
vous voulez. 

— Eh bien, j'irai. Voulez-vous me donner Tadresse? 

— Avec plaisir. Attendez: je l'ai dans mon livre 
d'adresses. Lavoila: 128A rue Tremont. 

— Merci et au revoir, M. Dussault. 

Chez le libraire: 

— Bonjour M. fites vous M. Jobin? 

— A votre service, madame. 

— M. Dussault m'a recommande votre librairie. 
Y a-t-il longtemps, que vous 6tes etablis ici? 

— Mais oui, madame, nous sommes une des librairies 
de livres etrangers les plus anciennes des Etats-Unis 
Notre maison fut* etablie en 1866. 

— Je suis en train de lutter avec les verbes francais. 
N'auriez-vous pas quelque livre, qui me faciliterait le 
travail? 

*Fut: definite past of "§tre" (very seldom used). 
160 



— Ah les verbes. C'est la bite noire des etudiants. 
Voici un bon livre, madame: c'est le livre le plus 
complet qui ait ete fait sur ce sujet. C'est le trait e 
complet des verbes par J. Castarede. 

— Quel en est le prix? 

— Quatre-vingt-cinq sous. 

— Tres bien, je le p rends. Vous ne pouvez pas vous 
faire une idee du plaisir que j'ai de parler francais avec 
vous. Je ne croyais pas comprendre le francais aussi 
bien. 

— Mais vous parlez tres bien, madame. Quelque 
fois vous faites usage de phrases idiotiques, qui ne 
sont pas tout a fait francaises, mais vous finirez par 
vaincre ces difficult es. Voici un livre de C. Marchand 
qui peut vous aider sur ce point. C'est un livre tres 
interessant, car en outre des idiotismes, il traite d'une 
facon magistrale des gallicismes. 

— Que pensez-vous du Dictionnaire Larousse, M. 
Jobin? 

— C'est ce qu'il y a de mieux et de plus complet. 
Nous avons l'encyclopedie Larousse: prix: seize dollars. 
Et nous avons aussi le petit Larousse, qui ne cotite 
que trois dollars. Mais madame, si vous voulez la 
prononciation, je vous recommande le dictionnaire de 
prononciation de Clifton et McLaughlin qui ne coute 
qu'un dollar et demi. 

— Oui, donnez moi ce dernier et donnez-moi aussi un 
livre pour une de mes nieces qui est assez avancee en 
francais. 

— Voici un livre a tres bon marche. II est intitule: 
"Stumbling Blocks of the French Language," ecrit par 
G. N. Tricoche, qui est aussi l'auteur du "Vade 
Mecum du Professeur de Francais." 

— Quel en est le prix? 

— Du Vade Mecum: un dollar et demi. 

— Non, le prix du "Stumbling Blocks"? 

— Settlement quatre-vingt-cinq sous. Le voulez- 
vous? 

— Non, merci, la prochaine fois peut-itre. 

— Voulez-vous me faire un paquet de ces livres. 

161 



Prenez garde que le paquet soit bien ficel6, car j'ai 
encore un long chemin a parcourir. Je demeure a 
Hingham. 

— Si Madame voulait bien me donner son adresse, 
nous lui enverrions notre "Livre Contemporary' ' 
qui parait tous les mois et donne une liste complete 
des dernieres nouveautes. 

— Je veux bien. Notez: Mme. Robert Wilson, 26 
Washington St., Hingham. L'avez-vous? Eh bien, 
au revoir, M. 

— Au revoir, Madame. N'oubliez pas vos gants. 

— Ah! Merci. Me voila encore distraite. L'6tude 
de ces verbes va me faire perdre completement la 

tate. 

— Mais, Madame, ne savez-vous que les distractions 
sont le faible des grands esprits? 

— Ah! Vous §tes bien francais. Je le reconnais a ce 
signe. Au revoir, Monsieur Jobin. 



162 



LESSON 30 

Trentieme Lecon. 

REPETITION GENERALE 



Avoir — to have 






Etre — to be 




Imperfect. 




J'avais 


I had 


J'etais 


I was 


il avait 


he had 


il etait 


he was 


elle avait 


she had 


elle etait 


she was 


nous avions 


we had 


nous etions 


we were 


vous aviez 


you had 


vous etiez 


you were 


ils avaient 


they had 


ils etaient 


they were 


elles avaient 


they had 


elles etaient 


they were 




Future. 




J'aurai 


I shall have 


Je serai 


I shall be 


il aura 


he will have 


il sera 


he will be 


elle aura 


she will have 


elle sera 


she will be 


nous aurons 


we will have 


nous serons 


we will be 


vous aurez 


you will have 


vous serez 


you will be 


ils auront 


they will have 


ils seront 


they will be 


elles auront 


they will ha 


ve 


elles seront 


they will be 



VERBS. 

During the 30-lesson course, the instructor will drill 
the pupil in the use of these verbs, over and over 
again, in season and out of season, always bearing in 
mind that the verb is: 

The Backbone of the Language. 



163 



APPENDIX OF 

Regular Verbs of First Conjugation 
(Verbs Ending in ER) 

These regular verbs are conjugated exactly like 
Parler and Donner. See Lessons 12 and 15. 



abdiquer 


To abdicate 


aboyer 


bark 


abuser de 1 


take advantage of 


accepter 


accept 


accompagner 


accompany 


accorder 


grant, agree 


accoutumer 


accustom 


accrocher 


hook, hang 


accuser 


accuse 


acheter 


buy 


acquitter 


acquit 


additionner 


add up 


administrer 


administer 


admirer 


admire 


adresser 


address 1 


affirmer 


affirm 


agir 


act 


agrafer 


hook, fasten 


aider 


help, assist 


aimer 


love, like, be fond of 


alterer 


make thirsty 


a j outer 


add 


allumer 


light, kindle 


amener 


bring* 


amuser 


amuse 


analyser 


analyze, parse 


annoncer 


announce, inform 


appeler 


call 


apporter 


bring 3 


apprecier 


appreciate 


approcher 


approach 



164 



approuver 


To approve 


appuyer 


lean, dwell upon 


arracher 


root up, pluck out 


arroser 


water (plants) 


assister a 


be present at, attend 


associer 


take into partnership 


assurer 


to assure, affirm 


s'assurer de or que 


ascertain that 


attacher 


attach, fasten, tie 


attaquer 


attack 


attraper 


catch 


avaler 


swallow 


avancer 


advance, move on, get on 


augmenter 


augment, increase 


avouer 


acknowledge 


baigner 


bathe 


baiser 


kiss 


baisser 


lower, let down 


balayer 


sweep 


baptiser 


christen 


bavarder 


chatter 


blesser 


injure, wound 


boutonner 


button 


briller 


shine, glitter 


bruler 


burn 


cacher 


hide, conceal 


capturer 


capture 


causer 


talk, comverse, chat 


ceder 


yield, give away 


chanter 


sing 


charger 


load, charge 4 


charmer 


charm 


chasser 


chase, hunt, turn ou* 


chatouiller 


tickle 


chauffer 


warm, heat 


chercher 


seek, look for, try, 


coiffer 


dress the hair 


collecter 


collect 


commander 


command, order 


commencer 


commence, begin 


comphmenter 


compliment 


compter 


count, reckon, expect* 



165 



condamner 


To convict 


confesser 


confess 


congedier 


dismiss, discard 


conjuguer 


conjugate 


conseiller 


advise 


consulter 


consult 


contrarier 


vex 


continuer 


continue 


converser 


converse 


copier 


copy 


corriger 


correct 


coucher 


lie down, sleep 6 


se coucher 


go to bed, lie down 


couper 


cut, chop 


couter 


cost 


cracher 


spit 


creer 


create 


crier 


cry, hollo 


cuisiner 


cook 


cultiver 


cultivate 


danser 


dance 


dater 


date 


debarquer 


disembark, land 


dechirer 


tear 


decider 


decide 


declarer 


declare 


defier 


defy, dare one 


dejeuner 


breakfast 


deleguer 


commission 


demander 


ask 


demeurer 


dwell, live 


d Spenser 


spend money or time 


deposer 


deposit 


deranger 


disturb, put out 


deshabiller 


undress 


dessiner 


draw 


desirer 


desire, wish 


denier 


deny 


demander 


request, ask 


dep^cher 


dispatch 


detacher 


detach, unfasten 


dieter 


dictate 



166 



diner 


To dine 


dinger 


direct 


discuter 


discuss 


dormer 


give 


doubler 


double t line 


douter de 


doubt 


se douter de 


suspect 


durer 


last 


eclairer 


light, enlighten, show a light 


eclater 


burst, splinter 


economiser 


economize, save 


ecouter 


listen to 


effacer 


efface, rub off 


effrayer 


frighten 


electriser 


electrify 


emballer 


pack 


embarquer 


embark, ship off 


embarrasser 


embarrass 


embrasser 


embrace, kiss 


emmener 
emporter 


\ take away, carry away 


empicher de 


prevent, hinder 


employer 


employ, use 


emprisonner 


imprison 


emprunter 


borrow 


endosser 


( endorse {a bill) 
\ put on {a coat) 




enlever 


take away 


ennuyer 


annoy 


s'enrhumer 


take or catch cold 


enr61er 


enlist 


enseigner 


teach 


enterrer 


bury 


entrer 


enter, come, or go in 


epeler 


spell 


epouser 


marry 


essuyer 


wipe, dust 


estimer 


esteem, value 


eternuer 


sneeze 


etonner 


astonish 


etudier 


study 


eveiller 


awake 



167 



eviter 

excuser 

executer 

exiger 

expedier 

expliquer 

exprimer 

feliciter 

fermer 

flatter 

flotter 

former 

frapper 

frotter 

fumer 

gagner 

garder 

goiter 

griller 

gronder 

grogner 

guider 

habiller 

habiter 

honorer 

ignorer 

imaginer 

imprimer 

incendier 

informer 

insulter 

inventer 

irriter 

jeter 

jouer 

juger 

laisser 

laver 

lever 

se lever 

lier 

louer 



To avoid 
excuse 

enact, execute 
require, expect, exi^* 
mail 
explain 
express 
congratulate 
close, shut 
flatter 
float 
form 

knock, strike 
scrub 
smoke 

gain, earn, win, get 
keep 

taste, lunch 
broil 
scold 
groan 
drive 
dress 
inhabit 
honour 

be ignorant of 
imagine 
print 
fire 

inform, inquire 
insult 
invent 
irritate 
throw, cast 
play, perform 
judge 

let, leave, allow 
wash 

raise, rise, lift 
get up 
tie, fasten 
hire or let 

168 



louer (quelqu'un) 


To praise {some one) 


manger 


eat 


manquer 


fail, want 


marquer 


mark 


mesurer 


measure 


menacer 


threaten 


mepriser 


despise 


merit er 


merit, deserve 


meubler 


furnish {a house) 


monter 


mount, ascend, come or go up 


monter a cheval 


ride on horseback 


montrer 


show 


se moucher 


blow one's nose 


nager 


swim 


negliger 


neglect 


neiger 


snow 


nettoyer 


clean 


obliger 


oblige 


observer 


observe, notice 


occuper 


occupy 


operer 


operate 


ordonner 


order 


oser 


dare 


6ter 


take off, remove 


oublier 


forget 


pardonner 


pardon, forgive 


parfumer 


perfume 


parler 


speak 


partager 


share, divide 


passer 


pass, spend {time) 


patiner 


skate 


payer 


pay 


p^cher 


fish 


pecher 


sin 


peler 


peel, pare, scald 


piloter 


pilot 


piquer 


prick, sting, spur 


placer 


lay 


planter 


plant 


pleurer 


weep, cry 


plier 


bend 


porter 


carry, to wear, to take 



169 



regarder 


To look at 


regretter 


regret 


remercier 


thank 


rencontrer 


meet 


reparer 


repair 


repasser 


iron, whet, call again 


reposer 


rest 


reprocher 


reproach 


respecter 


respect 


respirer 


breathe 


rester 


remain, stay, stop, stand 


reveiller 


wake up, rise 


r£ver 


dream 


ruiner 


ruin 


saler 


salt 


saltier 


salute, bow to 


sauter 


jump, leap 


sauver 


save 


s eerier 


dry 


serrer 


squeeze, put away 


siffler 


whistle, hiss 


soigner (un malade) 


nurse {a patient) 


sonner 


ring 


souhaiter 


wish 


soulager 


relieve, comfort, assuage 


precher 


preach 


preferer 


prefer 


preparer 


prepare, get ready 


presenter 


present 


prater 


lend 


prier 


pray, beg, ask 


promener 


ride {horse or carriage) 


se promener 


walk (to ,ake a walk) 


prononcer 


pronounce 


proteger 


protect, patronize 


qualifier 


qualify 


questionner 


question 


quitter 


quit, leave, part 


raconter 


relate 


raffiner 


refine 


raisonner 


reason, argue 


ramasser 


pick up, collect 



170 



ramener 


: 


To bring back 


rappeler 




call back, recall , or remind 


se rappeler de 




recollect or remember 


rapporter 




bring back 


raser 




shave 


reciter 




recite 


recommander 




recommend 


recompenser 




recompense, reward 


refuser 




refuse 


souligner 




underline 


souper 




sup 


soupirer 




sigh 


sucrer 




sugar, sweeten 


supposer 




suppose 


tacher 




stain 


telegraphier 




telegraph 


telephoner 




telephone 


tenter 




attempt, tempt 


tomber 




fall 


toucher 




touch 


tousser 




cough 


tourner 




turn 


transporter 




transport 


transferer 




transfer 


travailler 




work, labour 


tromper 




deceive 


trouver 




find 


tuer 




kill 


user 




use, wear out 


veiller 




watch, sit up 


verser 




pour out, upset 


vider 




empty 


viser 




aim 


visiter 




visit 


voler 




fly, steal, rob 


voyager 




travel 




FOOT NOTES. 


x To abuse 


(meaning 


to insult) is translated by 


INJURIER and not by 


"abuser." 


2 To address 


by letter: 


ecrire a 



To address by word of mouth: adresser la parole a. 



171 



3 When bring implies to carry, use APPORTER. 
When usedin the sense of to lead translate by AMENER. 
Amener un cheval, une voiture, etc. 
To bring a horse, a carriage, etc. 
Apporter le livre, une lettre, le potage, etc. 
To bring the book, a letter, the soup, etc. 

4 To charge, when used with reference to the cost 
of anything, is rendered: PRENDRE. 

Ex.: How much do you charge for thirty lessons? 
Combien prenez-vous pour trente legons? 

5 Compter stands for TO EXPECT, when used 
before an infinitive, as: je compte revenir ce soir — 
I expect to come back tonight. 

6 When the act of sleeping is implied, to sleep is 
expressed by DORMIR. I have slept well. J'ai 
bien dormi. When to sleep is used in the sense of to 
pass the night, i.e., to express the location or place 
where one slept, it is rendered by COUCHER. Je 
couche seul — I sleep alone. Je couche a la campagne 
I sleep in the country. 






172 



Second Conjugation 
Verbs ending in IR. 

AM verbs of the second conjugation form the persons 
of the Present Indicative by substituting for IR the 
endings, is, it, issons, issez, issent. 

Present Indicative 
of the Verb FINIR— to finish. 

FORME AFFIRMATIVE 



is 


je finis 


I finish or I am finishing 


it 


il finit 


he finishes 


it 


elle finit 


she finishes 


issons 


nous finissons 


we finish 


issez 


vous finissez 


you finish 


issent 


ils finissent 


they (m) finish 


issent 


elles finissent 


they (f) finish 




FORME INTERROGATIVE 


finis- je? 




do I finish or am I finishing 


finis-tu? 




dost thou finish? 


finit-il? 




does he finish? 


finit-elle? 




does she finish? 


finissons- 


nous? 


do we finish? 


finissez-v 


ous? 


do you finish? 


finissent-i 


Is? 


do they (m) finish? 


finissent-< 


slles? 


do they (f) finish? 



FORME NEGATIVE 
j e ne finis pas I do no t finish or I am not finishing ? 

tu ne finis pas thou dost not finish 

il ne finit pas he does not finish 

elle ne finit pas she does not finish 

nous ne finissons pas we do not finish 
vous ne finissez pas you do not finish 
ils ne finissent pas they do not finish (m) 
elles ne finissent pas they do not finish (f ) 



est-ce que je finis? 
est-ce que je ne finis pas? 



do I finish? 

do I not finish or am I not 
finishing? 



173 



THIRD CONJUGATION 
Verbs ending in OIR (EVOIR) 

All verbs of the third conjugation form the various 
persons of the Present Indicative Tense by dropping 
the ending EVOIR and substituting it by the ending 
OIS, OIT, EVONS, EVEZ, OIVENT. 

PRESENT INDICATIF of the verb RECEVOIR— 
to receive. 

FORME AFFIRMATIVE 

je regois juh ruh-swa I receive or I am receiving 

tu regois tu ruh-swa thou receivest 

il regoit eel ruh-swa he receives 

elle recoit el ruh-swa she receives 

nous recevons noo ruh-suh-vohn we receive 

vous recevez voo ruh-suh-vay you receive 

ils regoivent eel ruh-swav they (m) receive 

elles regoivent el ruh-swav they (f) receive 



FORME INTERROGATIVE 
regois- j e ? ruh-swa- j? 



regois-tu? 

regoit-il? 

regoit-elle? 

recevons-nous? 

recevez-vous? 

regoivent-ils? 

regoivent-elles? 



do I receive or am I 

ceiving? 
does he receive? 
does he receive? 
does she receive? 
do we receive? 
okxyou receive? 
do they (m) receive? 
do they (f) receive? 



re- 



je ne regois pas juh nur-swa- 

pah 
tu ne regois pas 
il ne regoit pas 
elle ne regoit pas 
nous ne recevons pas 
vous ne recevez pas 
ils ne regoivent pas 
elles ne regoivent pas 



FORME NEGATIVE 

I do not receive or I am 
not receiving 



thou dost not receive 
he does not receive 
she does not receive 
we do not receive 
you do not receive 
they (m) do not receive 
they (f ) do not receive 






174 



Regular Verbs of Second Conjugation 

NOTE: conjugated exactly like Finir. 



abolir 


To abolish 


accomplir 


accomplish 


adoucir 


soften, soothe 


affaiblir 


enfeeble, weaken 


affranchir 


prepay {letters) 


agir 


act 


agrandir 


enlarge, aggrandize 


applaudir 


applaud 


approfondir 


sift, dive into 


assortir 


match, sort, stock 


avertir 


warn, let know f inform 


bannir 


banish 


batir 


build 


benir 


bless, consecrate 


blanchir 


whiten, bleach 


cherir 


cherish 


choisir 


choose, select, pick out 


decouvrir 


uncover 


definir 


define 


demolir 


demolish 


elargir 


widen, set at liberty 


embellir 


embellish 


emplir 


fill 


enrichir 


enrich 


envahir 


invade 


etablir 


establish 


e"tourdir 


stun, deafen 


evanouir 


faint 


finir 


end 


fletrir 


fade, wither, stigmatize 


fleurir 


blossom, bloom 


fournir 


furnish, supply 


garantir 


guarantee 


garnir 


garnish, trim 


grandir 


grow up or taller 


guerir 


cure, get well 


maigrir 


grow thin 


munir 


furnish, supply 


nourrir 


nourish, feed, nurse 



175 



obeir a 


To obey 


obtenir 


get 


palir 


grow pale 


perir 


perish 


polir 


polish, brighten, refine 


punir 


punish 


refl echir a 


reflect, think 


se rejouir de 


rejoice at 


remplir 


fill, fulfil 


retablir 


set to rights again 


reunir 


reunite, assemble, collect 


reussir a 


succeed {be successful in) 


r6tir (Jaire) 


roast 


rougir 


redden, colour, blush 


salir 


soil, dirty 


saisir 


seize 


sentir 


smell 


subir 


undergo 


trahir 


betray 


unir 


unite 


vieillir 


grow old 



Regular Verbs of Third Conjugation 

Conjugated exactly like Recevoir 



apercevoir 


To perceive 


concevoir 


conceive 


decevoir 


deceive 


devoir 


owe 


percevoir 


collect {rents or taxes) 


recevoir 


receive 



176 



FOURTH CONJUGATION 
Regular verbs ending in RE 

A very small percentage of the verbs ending in RE 
are regular. 

To form the Present Indicative drop, for the 3rd 
person singular, the ending RE and substitute for the 
ending RE the endings, S, ONS, EZ, ENT, for the 
other persons. 

Note : The verbs rompre, interrompre and corrompre 
take a T in the third person singular. 

Ex. : II rompt, elle corrompt, on interrompt. 

PRESENT INDICATIVE 

Present Indicative of the Verb RENDRE, to give 
back. 

FORME AFFIRMATIVE 

je rends juh-rehn I give back or I am giving 

back 
tu rends tu rehn thou givest back 

il rend eel rehn he gives back 

elle rend el rehn she gives back 

nous rendons noo rehn-dohnwe give back 
vous rendez voo rehn-day you give back 
ils rendent eel rehnd they (m) give back 

elles rendent el rehnd they (f ) give back 

FORME INTERROGATIVE 

rende-je *rehn-juh? do I give back? 

rends-tu? dost thou give back? 

rend-il? does he give back? 

rend-elle? does she give back? 

rendons-nous? do we give back? 

rendez-vous? do you give back? 

rendent-ils? do they (m) give back? 

rendent-elles do they (f) give back? 

177 



FORME NEGATIVE 

jene rends $a.sjuhnuhrehn I do not give back or I am 

pah not giving back 

tu ne rends pas thou dost not give back 

il ne rend pas he does not give back 

elle ne rend pas she does not give back 

nous ne rendons pas we do not give back 

vous ne rendez pas you do not give back 

ils ne rendent pas they (m) do not give back 

elles ne rendent pas they (f ) do not give back 

FORME NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE 

ne rende-je pas? \nuh rehn do I not give back or am I 

juh pah? not giving back? 

ne rends-tu pas? does thou not give back? 

ne rend-il pas? does he not give back? 

ne rend-elle pas? does she not give back? 

ne rendons-nous pas? do we not give back? 

ne rendez- vous pas? do you not give back? 

ne rendent-ils pas? do they (m) not give back? 

ne rendent-elles pas? do they (f) not give back? 

*tRULE — All regular verbs of the fourth conjuga- 
tion end in s in the first person singular of the present 
indicative. In order to form the interrogative or the 
interrogative negative we simply drop the s and sub- 
stitute e accented acute (e) for the sake of euphony. 

rende-je le livre? — do I give back the book? 

ne rende-je pas le livre? — do I not give back the 
book? 

Note — For the use of "est-ce que" see pages 
79, 83* and 119. 



178 



Regular Verbs of Fourth Conjugation 

Conjugated exactly like Rendre on page 161 



apprendre 


To learn 


attendre 1 


wait for 


se battre 


fight 


conduire 


lead 


confondre 


confound, confuse, mistake 


correspondre 


correspond 


defendre 


defend 


defendre de 


forbid 


dependre 


unhang, take down 


dependre de 


depend, be dependent on or 




upon 


descendre 


come or go down, descend 


detordre 


untwist 


entendre 2 


hear 


etendre 


stretch out, extend 


mordre 


bite 


pendre 


hang, hang up 


perdre 


lose 


pondre 


lay eggs 3 


prendre 


get 


pr etendre 


pretend, intend, maintain* 


rendre 


render, return, restore* 


rendre (se) 


surrender* 


rendre (se) a 


go or come 1 


repandre 


spill, spread* 


repondre a 


reply* answer 9 


repondre de 


answer for 9 


surprendre 


surprise 


tendre 




tordre 


twist 


vendre 


sell 




FOOT NOTES 



1 ATTENDRE is an active verb in French, e.g., I 
wait for my brother. J 'attends mon frere, (not: 
j 'attends pour mon frere). 

2 ENTENDRE replaces sometimes comprendre, e.g., 
entendez-vous l'anglais? Do you understand English? 



179 



3 PONDRE. A verb used only in the third persons. 
Mes poules pondent bien. My hens lay many eggs. 
(Lit., lay well). 

La poule pondait — The hen was laying. 
Elle pondra — it will lay. 
4 Que pretendez-vous? What do you pretend? 
Que pretendez vous faire? What do you intend doing? 
Je pretends qu'il ne sait rien. I maintain that he 
knows nothing. 

6 RENDRE is used in many ways: 
Rendre un service — to render a service. 
Rendre un livre emprunte — to return a borrowed 
book. 

Rendre justice — to do justice. 
Rendre temoignage — to bear testimony. 
Rendre une idee — to express an idea. 
Rendre une pensee — to convey a thought. 
6 Rendez-vous! — Surrender! 

7 Rendez-vous a mon bureau. Come to my office. 
Rendez-vous a votre bureau. — Go to your office. 
Rendez-vous ici demain. — Be here to-morrow. 

8 II a repandu l'encre sur les essuie-mains. He spilt 
the ink on the towels. 

Ces nouvelles se repandront vite. These news will 
spread quickly. 

9 REPONDRE, to answer, is used with the prepo- 
sition "a" when "to reply" is meant, i.e., Je reponds a 
sa lettre. I answer his letter. When followed by the 
preposition "de" it stands for "to answer for," e.g., 
Je reponds d'elle — I answer for her. 

THE IMPERATIVE 

This mood has only three persons in French: the 
2nd person singular and first and second person plural: 

s P eak! {grSzUyou) | ^t us speak! Parlons! 

These three persons are formed by using the forms 
corresponding to the Present Indicative, omitting the 
pronoun. 

180 



The Imperative has no third person, singular or 
plural in French; the equivalent is built by using the 
relative pronoun "que" together with the third person 
singular or plural of the Present Subjunctive mood. 

Example: Qu'il ) ««--u S Let him (her) speak 
qu'elle J parle ( Make him speak 

Qu'ils ) fi n ;™ nt I Let them finish 
qu'elles ) nmssent \ Oblige them to finish 

IMPERSONAL VERBS 

Impersonal verbs are conjugated in the third person 
masculine singular only and are therefore very easily 
mastered. 

Infinitive 

Falloir — to be necessary. 
Y avoir — to be there. 
Arriver — to happen. 
S'agir — to be a question. 
Pleuvoir — to rain. 

Present 

II faut — it is necessary. 
II y a — there is, there are 
II arrive — it happens. 
II s'agit — it is a question. 
II pleut — it rains. 

Past Indefinite 

II a fallu — it was necessary. 

il y a eu — there has been; there have been. 

II est arrive — it has happened. 

II s'est agi — it was a question. 

II a plu — it has rained. 

Future 

II faudra — it will be necessary. 
II y aura — There will be. 
II arrivera — it will happen 
II s'agira — it will be a question. 
II pleuvra — it will rain. 



181 



Imperfect 

II fallait — it was necessary. 

II y avait — there used to be. 

II arrivait — it used to happen. 

II s'agissait — It used to be a question. 

II pleuvait — it was raining. 



The following are the balance of the most common 
impersonal verbs. They are treated for the different 
tenses like Arriver — to happen: Eclairer — to lighten, 
Importer — to matter. Resulter — to result, Geler — 
to freeze, Neiger — to snow, Tonner — to thunder. 

Note: only s'agir and arriver are conjugated in the 
Past Indefinite with ETRE instead of AVOIR. 



182 



SUBJONCTTF 

Nul n'est grammairien, s'il n'est philosophe. 

Pour qu'on puisse apprendre avec certitude les 
regies fondamentales du langage francais, il faut 
etudier d'abord Tame. 

II y a un langage emotif et un langage raisonne. 

Le langage emotif c'est le langage du coeur. 

Le langage raisonne, c'est le langage de la raison. 

La langue anglaise est simple, mais froide. 

La langue francaise est un peu plus compliquee, mais 
bien plus riche en emotion. 
Comparez! 

En anglais: 

I am sure you understand the lesson. 
I am glad you understand the lesson. 

En francais : 

Je suis bien sur que vous comprenez la lecon. 

Je suis bien aise que vous compreniez la legon. 

"Je suis bien sur" vient de la raison. 

"Je suis bien aise" vient du coeur. 

Avant d' etudier le subjonctif il faut connaitre la 
difference entre un sentiment et une idee; entre un 
acte ou un etat du coeur et un acte ou un etat de l'esprit. 

Voici un eooemple: 

Combien d" argent a gagne votre frere cette semaine? 

1. La raison: etat d'esprit. 

Je pense, je reflechis: mon cerveau travaille; il 
cherche; il agit; il est actif. Je tache de me rappeler les 
affaires faites pendant la semaine: je compte les 
operations; je calcule; j'additionne; je consulte mes 
m emorandums. 

Je me gratte la t£te, je me plisse et me ride le front, 
je compte sur mes doigts, je me caresse le nez, je me 
mords les ongles, je me tire les cheveux. 

183 



Enfin, voici le resultat. 

Je declare d'un ton tres positif : 

"Je suis sur que mon frere a gagne deux cents 
dollars cette semaine." 

2. Le sentiment: Etat du coeur. 

Deux cents dollars dans une semaine, c'est un beau 
profit. Je suis heureux du succes de mon frere: je 
me rejouis; mon coeur bat plus fort. Je leve la tSte 
tres haut, je me frotte les mains et je declare d'un ton 
tres fier: 

"Je suis bien aise, qu'il ait gagne deux cents dollars 
cette semaine."" 



Je suis bien sur: c'est le resultat d'un calcul, c'est 
le resultat d'un pensee, c'est un etat d'intelligence; 
Je me touche le front. 

Je suis bien aise: c'est l'expression d'une satisfac- 
tion, d'un plaisir, c'est un sentiment: Je touche le 
coeur. 

Avez-vous compris maintenant pourquoi il faut 
etudier Time pour bien connaitre la grammaire? 



Oui, Monsieur 



"je comp rends 
il, elle comprend 
nous comprenons 
ils comprennent 
elles comprennent 
j 'ai bien compris 
il a tres bien compris 

„ elle a tout compris 



C'est facile. Ce n'est pas difficile. Ce n'est pas 
difficile : au contraire c'est bien facile. 
Je suis sur que c'est facile. 
Je suis bien aise, que ce ne soit pas difficile. 

184 



A little more about the Subjunctive. 

When two verbs are united by "que", the second is 
put in the subjunctive : 

1. If the first verb expresses negation, desire (wish), 
sentiment, necessity, command, doubt, fear, consent, 
sorrow, gladness or surprise. 



Negation : 
Desire: 

Necessity : 

Sentiment : 

Command: 
Doubt: 

Fear: 

Consent : 
Surprise : 



Je ne suis pas sur, que ce soit . ... qu'il y ait 

Je desire que vous fassiez attention. 

II faut, que vous parliez. 

II importe, il vaut mieux, il est temps que. 

Je regrette qu'il soit mort. 

Je suis enchant e que vous soyez avec nous. 

II est defendu, qu'on chante. 

II est peut-^tre possible, qu'il arrive encore. 

Elle doute, que vous chantiez. 

J'ai peur, qu'il ne vienne pas. 

Consent ez- vous, que j'epouse votre fille? 

Je suis surpris, que vous soyez ici. 



2. After the following conjunctions: 
Quoique Although 

Pour que In order that 

Sans que Without 

Soit que Whether 

Afm que So that 

Avant que Before 

A moins que Unless 
Suppose que Supposing that 
De maniere que In order that 
De peur que Till, until 
Au casque ) j 

En cas que ) 

De crainte que For fear 
Pourvu que Provided 

3. When "que" is preceded by a numeral or super- 
lative adjective. 

Example: 

C'est la troisieme edition que j'aie publiee. It is 
the third edition I have published. 

C'est le meilleur chemin que vous puissiez prendre. 
It is the best way you can take. 



185 



Reflective Verbs. 

1. Reflective verbs have two pronouns. They 
always express an action that the subject accomplishes 
on himself. Hence one pronoun, in the nominative 
case, is the subject and the other, in the accusative or 
dative case, is the object direct or indirect: 
Example : 

Je (subject) me (object) leve. 

I rise (literally: I raise myself). 

2. Reflective verbs can very seldom be translated 
literally. 

3. The pronoun-object is generally placed im- 
mediately before the verb throughout the conjugation 
and even in the interrogative or negative form. 
Example : 

II s'assied. — He sits down. 
S'assied-il? — Does he sit down? 

II ne s'assied pas. — He does not sit down. 

Exception: In the second person whether singular 
or plural of the imperative mood the pronoun-object is 
placed after the verb: Assieds-toi! Sit down! (sit 
thyself down); Asseyez-vous! Sit down! (yourself). 

4. Reflective verbs are always in their compound 
tenses conjugated with the auxiliary 6tre (to be). 

e.g., Je me suis assis. 
Elle s'est assise. 

5. In the infinitive mood, the reflective verb is 
preceded by the pronoun se: se lever, — to get up; 
s'ennuyer, to be lonesome (literally: to bore oneself). 

6. It is important to note that the majority of active 
verbs can be used in a reflective form: 

Compare: Active verb. (Action performed on others). 

Je lave les mains des enfants. 

I wash the children's hands. 
Reflective Verb; (Action performed on oneself). 

Je me lave les mains. 

I wash my hands. 

7. There are verbs expressing a reciprocal action 
between two persons. They are called reciprocal 
verbs and must not be mistaken for reflective verbs. 

186 



Reciprocal verbs of course are used only in the plural. 
Example : 

Nous nous flattens. — We natter one another. 

Vous vous flattez. — You natter yourselves mutually. 

Us se flattent. — They flatter themselves mutually 

N.B.: As very often there may be ambiguity as to 
the number of persons occupied in the reciprocal 
action, the French generally, to make it quite clear, 
uses 'Tun l'autre" or "les uns les autres"; Nous nous 
flattons Tun l'autre. Nous nous flattons les uns les 
autres. 

List of essentially reflective verbs. 

Which cannot be used otherwise or at least 
not in the same sense. 

s'asseoir to sit down 

se souvenir de to remember 

se repentir de to repent 

se tier a to trust 

se mefier de to distrust 

se marier a to get married to 1 

se servir de to use 

se moquer de to laugh at 

s'empresser de to hasten 

se taire to be silent 

se soucier de to worry 

s' eerier to exclaim 

2 The verb "marier" is often improperly used, even 
by Frenchmen, with reflective form, in the sense of 
taking for wife or husband. It is a gross mistake: 
"Se marier avec" should then be used or "epouser." 
Used as an active verb " Marier" expresses only the act 
of the minister or public functionary presiding the 
ceremony or legal formalities of wedlock or the act of 
a father giving his daughters in marriage. 
Example : 

Le maire les a maries. 

The Mayor has married them. 

Cet homme a marie toutes ses filles. 

This man has married all his daughters. 

187 



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APPENDIX 



Irregular Verbs of First Conjugation 
(Verbs Ending in ER) 
aller To go 

envoy er send 

Irregular Verbs of Third Conjugation 
(Verbs Ending in OIR) 



asseoir 

avoir 

devoir 

echoir 

falloir ^ 

mouvoir 

pleuvoir 

pourvoir 

prevoir 

savoir 

valoir 

voir 

vouloir 



To sit 



owe 

expire 

need 

move 

rain 

provide 

foresee 

know 

procure 

see 

will 



Irregular Verbs of Second Conjugation 
(Verbs Ending in IR) 



acqu6rir 

assaillir 

bouillir 

conquerir 

courir 

couvrir 

cueillir 

defaillir 

dormir 

s'enqu6rir 

faillir 

fuir 

gesir 

hair 

mentir 

mourir 

offrir 



To acquire 
assail 
boil 

conquer 
run 
cover 
gather 
fail 
sleep 
inquire 
fail 

flee, escape 
here lies 
hate 
lie 
die 
offer 



193 



ouir 


To hear 


ouvrir 


open 


partir 


depart 


se repentir 


repent 


requerir 


require, request 


saillir 


project 


sentir 


smell 


servir 


serve 


sortir 


to get out 


souffrir 


suffer 


tenir 


hold 


tressaillir 


to thrill, start 


venir 


come 


v6tir 


clothe 


Irregular Verbs of Fourth Conjugation 




(Verbs Ending in RE) 


absoudre 


To absolve 


boire 


drink 


clore 


close, enclose 


conclure 


conclude 


conduire 


lead 


connaitre 


know 


construire 


build 


contredire 


contradict 


coudre 


sew 


craindre 


fear 


croire 


believe 


croitre 


grow 


cuire 


cook 


detruire 


destroy 


dire 


tell 


dissoudre 


dissolve 


6crire 


write 


itre 


to be 


exclure 


exclude 


faire 


do 


feindre 


feign 


frire 


fry 


induire 


induce 


instruire 


instruct 


interdire 


forbid 



194 



introduire 


To introduce {insert) 


joindre 


join 


lire 


read 


mettre 


put 


naitre 


to be born, to originate from 


nuire 


annoy 


paraitre 


appear 


peindre 


paint 


plaindre 


pity, compassionate 


plaire 


please 


predire 


predict 


prendre 


take 


reduire 


reduce 


resoudre 


resolve 


restreindre 


restrain 


rire 


laugh 


seduire 


seduce 


suffire 


suffice 


suivre 


follow 


teindre 


dye 


traduire 


translate 


vaincre 


vanquish 


vivre 


live 



195 



IDIOMS 



( bien aise? 
De quoi §tes-vous < content? 
( charm 6? 

What are you glad about? 



Je suis 
tu es 
il est 
elle est 



bien aise 
content 
contente 
charm e 
charm ee 



I 



nous sommes 
vous §tes 
ils sont 
elles sont 



bien aises 
contents 
contentes 
charm es 
charm 6es 



'd'etre assis (se) quand je 
suis fatigue (ee) 

d'etre couch e (ee) dans un 
bon lit 

d'avoir des yeux pour voir 

d'avoir des oreilles pour 

entendre 
d'avoir une bouche pour 

parler 
d'avoir une langue pour 

gouter 

d'avoir des mains pour 

travailler 
d'avoir des pieds pour 

marcher 
d'avoir des doigts pour 

sentir 
de manger quand j'ai 

faim 
de boire quand j'ai soif 
de dormir quand j'ai som- 

meil 
d'etre americains (es) 
.d'apprendre le francais 



196 



Formal Letters and Invitations. 



l. 

Monsieur et Madame 
Irving prient Monsieur 
La Fayette de leur faire 
l'honneur de diner avec 
eux jeudi prochain a 
sept heures et le prient 
d'agreer l'assurance de 
leurs sentiments les plus 
respectueux. 



1. 
Mr. and Mrs. Irving pray 
Mr. La Fayette to do 
them the honor of dining 
with them next Thurs- 
day at s-even o'clock and 
beg him to receive the 
assurance of their most 
respectful sentiments. 



Monsieur La Fayette pre- 
sente ses hommages a 
Monsieur et Madame 
Irving et les prie de 
croire que c'est avec le 
plus grand plaisir qu'il 
accepte leur invitation. 

3. 

Monsieur et Madame 
Duvernay presentent 
leurs respects a Mon- 
sieur Delille et le prient 
de vouloir bien leur faire 
rhonneur de passer la 
soiree chez eux di- 
manche prochain. 

4. 

Monsieur Delille accepte 
avec empressement l'in- 
vitation que Monsieur 
et Madame Duvernay 
ont eu l'extr&ne bonte 
de lui faire et les prie 
d'agreer avec ses re- 
merciements, Texpres- 
sion de ses sentiments 
distingu6s. 



Mr. La Fayette presents his 
homages to Mr. and 
Mrs. Irving and pray 
them to believe that it is 
with the greatest pleas- 
ure that he accepts their 
invitation. 

3. 

Mr. and Mrs. Duvernay 
present their respects to 
Mr. Delille and pray 
him to be kind enough to 
do them the honor of 
passing the evening at 
their home next Sunday. 

4. 
Mr. Delille accepts with 
eagerness the invitation 
which Mr. and Mrs. 
Duvernay have had the 
extreme kindness to send 
him and pray them to 
accept with his thanks, the 
expression of his great 
regard. 



197 



Cher ami : 

Nous avons retenu pour 
mardi soir une loge a 
la Comedie-Francaise. On 
joueAthalie. Nous 
savons que vous avez la 
passion de la tragedie 
classique et nous serons 
enchant es de vous avoir 
avec nous. Si vous nous 
faites le plaisir d'accepter, 
nous irons vous prendre 
chez vous a huit heures. 

Agreez 1'expression de 
nos meilleurs sentiments. 

6 

Mes chers amis: 

J'accepte avec plaisir. 
Je serai heureux d'en- 
tendre Athalie avec vous. 
C'est pour moi une sorte 
d'evenement religieux. Je 
m'y preparerai en relisant 
pour la centieme fois les 
admirables vers de Ra- 
cine. 

Je vous prie d'agreer 
mes compliments affec- 
tueux. 



Dear friend: 

We have reserved for 
Tuesday night a box at the 
Comedie- Francaise . Th e 
play is Athalie. We know 
your great love for classical 
tragedy, and we shall be 
delighted to have your 
company. If you do us 
the pleasure of accepting, 
we shall call on you at 
eight o'clock. 

Accept the expression of 
our best regards. 

6 

My dear friends: 

I accept with pleasure. 
I shall be happy to hear 
Athalie with you. To me 
it is a kind of religious 
event. I will prepare my- 
self for it by reading for 
the hundredth time Ra- 
cine's admirable verses. 

I pray you to accept my 
affectionate compliments. 



198 



A collection of short stories, anecdotes and poems 
follows. It has been chosen primarily to entertain and 
interest the pupil, who does best what he likes best to 
do. The stories are well within the vocabulary of the 
pupil, up-to-the-minute in interest and told in the 
language of the French people of nowadays. 

Preference has been given to the short story over the 
longer text, as it is a fact that the pupil can only thrill 
with the joy of accomplishment, if he can reach quickly 
the point of the short story or anecdote. 

The teacher should tell in every lesson one or two of 
the following short stories, making use of gesture and 
facial expression to convey the better his meaning. It 
is an excellent way to train the ear of the pupil to 
understand French easily, quickly, and agreeably. 



199 



1. 

Trois hommes voyageaient ensemble: ils trouverent 
un tresor; ils etaient bien contents. Ils continuerent de 
marcher, mais la faim les prit, et Tun dit: "II faut avoir 
a manger: qui ira chercher des provisions?" — "C'est 
moi," repondit le plus jeune. II part, il achete 
des mets; mais en les achetant, il pensait que s'il les 
empoisonnait, ses compagnons de voyage en mourraient 
et que le tresor lui resterait, et il empoisonna les mets. 
Cependant, les deux autres avaient decide, pendant son 
absence, de le tuer et de partager entre eux le tresor. 
II arriva; ils le tuerent, ils mangerent les mets qu'il 
avait apportes; ils moururent, et le tresor n'appartint 
a personne. 

2. 

Le cure d'une eglise de village apergut, un jour, le 
sacristain prendre une piece d'un franc de l'assiette de 
la collecte et la mettre tranquillement dans sa poche. 
Le service fini, il va droit a lui et severement 1* accuse 
de vol. "Tranquillisez-vous, monsieur le cure, dit le 
sacristain. Depuis plusieurs annees cette piece rend de 
bons services a l'eglise. Je la mets le premier dans 
l'assiette, de sorte que les messieurs et les dames, 
voyant un pauvre homme comme moi donner tant 
d'argent a la fois, auraient honte de mettre moins." 

3. 

Un celebre prestidigitateur et sa troupe dormant 
des seances dans une petite ville, se trouvaient par 
suite de mauvaises recettes, reduits a la derniere 
extremite. Le prestidigitateur alia trouver les auto- 
rites et proposa de donner une seance au benefice des 
pauvres, si la ville voulait consentir a payer la location 
de la salle, etc. L'amorce philanthropique fit son 
effet; la recette remplit la caisse et l'envoye de la 
Muncipalite se presenta le lendemain matin pour 
toucher. — J'ai deja dispose de l'argent, dit le presti- 
digitateur; la recette etant destinee aux pauvres, je 
l'ai distribuee a mes gens, qui sont les plus pauvres de 
la ville; j'ai tenu mon engagement. — Mais c'est un 
vilain tour, cela, dit l'envoye. — Que voulez-vous? 
repliqua le prestidigitateur, je vis de mes tours! 

200 



Deux maires de province se promenaient sur le 
boulevard a Paris. — Quel est le sens de ces deux mots 
que je vois sur l'enseigne de ce Cafe: "SODA 
WATER?" — Mon chei ami, vous ne savez done pas 
lire? C'est anglais, sans doute, mais la traduction est 
au-dessous. Voyez: "BILLARD AU PREMIER." 



La femme d'un habitant de Nantes, morte il y a 
quelques annees, lui laissa par testament, une rente 
viagere de vingt mille francs pour tout le temps qu'il 
resterait veuf , a j out ant que, au cas ou il se remarierait, 
cette somme reviendrait aux enfants de la premiere 
femme. 

Des difficult es pecuniaires survinrent suivies de la 
banqueroute, et il fut propose de saisir le viager au 
benefice des creanciers. La-dessus, notre homme part 
pour Paris, epouse une pauvresse de 87 ans, la quitte 
au Bureau des Mariages et s'en retourne a Nantes 
d'ou il lui envoie promesse d'une pension pour le reste 
de ses jours. 

De cette facon, les vingt mille francs vont a ses 
enfants et les creanciers ne peuvent toucher un sou. 



II y a, a New York, un club qui merite le nom de 
"Odd Fellows." Un jour d'assemblee, le president 
propose de voter un prix a celui d'entre eux qui dira le 
plus gros mensonge. Vu la reputation qu'on a faite 
aux " Yankees" pour cette sorte d'exercice, on peut 
imaginer les efforts de chacun des membres pour 
enf oncer le voisin. Les juges ayant decide, le prix 
allait €tre adjuge, quand le president avise, dans un 
coin, un Irlandais qui n'avait pas uuvert la bouche. — Eh 
bien! Pat, e'est votre tour. — Monsieur le President, re- 
pond Pat, je ne mens jamais! — Voila le gagnant, 
Client les juges tout d'une voix. 

201 



7. Un plan de vie 

Marche deux heures tous les jours, dors sept heures 
toutes les nuits; couche-toi des que tu as envie de 
dormir; leve-toi des que tu t'eveilles, travaille 
des que tu es leve. Ne mange qu'a ta faim, ne bois 
qu'a ta soif, et toujours lentement. Ne parle que 
lorsqu'il le faut, n'ecris que ce que tu peux signer, ne 
fais que ce que tu peux dire. N'oublie jamais que les 
autres compteront sur toi et que tu ne dois pas compter 
sur eux. N'estime l'argent ni plus ni moins qu'il 
ne vaut: c'est un bon serviteur et un mauvais mattre. 

Efforce-toi d'etre simple, de devenir utile, de rester 
libre. Dumas fits. 

EXERCICE 

ficrivez ce morceau a la deuxieme personne du 
pluriel. 

8. A la jeunesse 

(Extrait d'un discours prononce par fimile Zola a 
l'Association Generale des Etudiants de Paris.) 

Travaillez, jeunes gens. Je me permets, moi qui n'ai 
ete qu'un travailleur, de vous dire tout le bienfait que 
j'ai retire de la longue besogne dont l'eflort a empli 
ma vie end ere. 

J'ai connu la mis ere et la desesperance: j'ai vecu 
dans la lutte. Eh bien, je n'ai eu qu'une foi, qu'une 
force: le travail. En face de moi, j'avais toujours le 
but, la-bas, vers lequel je marchais, et cela sumsait a 
me remettre debout, a me donner le courage de marcher 
quand meme, lorsque la vie mauvaise m'avait abattu. 
Le travail dont je vous parle, c'est le travail regie, 
la tache quotidienne, le devoir qu'on s'est fait d'avancer 
d'un pas chaque jour dans son oeuvre. 

Jeunesse, 6 jeunesse, mettez-vous done a la besogne. 
Que chacun de vous accepte sa t&che, une t&che qui 
doit emplir la vie. N'importe laquelle, pourvu qu'elle 
soit et qu'elle vous tienne debout. Quand vous 
aurez reglee, sans surmenage, simplement la quantite 
qu'il vous sera permis de donner chaque jour, elle 
vous fera vivre en sante. 

Quelle saine et grande societe cela ferait, une so- 
ciete dont chaque membre apporterait sa part logique 
de travail! 

202 



9. Un Neophyte Trop Zele 

Le chef d'une tribu sauvage vint trouver tin mis- 
sionnaire catholique et lui exprima le desir d'etre 
baptise. Le missionaire l'interrogea, et, apprenant 
qu'il avait plusieurs femmes, lui dit que la polygamic 
etait severement defendue par la religion chretienne, 
et qu'on ne pourrait le baptiser tant qu'il aurait plus 
d'une femme. 

Quelques jours apres, le sauvage revint et dit au 
missionnaire: 

— Mon pere, baptisez-moi, je n'ai maintenant qu'une 
femme. 

— Fort bien, mon fils, repondit le missionnaire, 
mais qu'avez-vous fait des autres? 

— Je les ai mangees. 

10. Quel est Votre Age 

Une petite fille etait assise seule dans le coin d'un 
wagon de chemin de fer. Le conducteur passe pour 
prendre les billets; la petite fille n'a pas de billet. 

— Quel age avez-vous done? lui dit le conducteur. 

— J'ai cinq ans, monsieur. 

— Pas plus de cinq ans? 

— Non, monsieur, en chemin de fer j'ai cinq ans; 
a la maison j'en ai sept. 

— Ah! . . . Et vous voyagez ainsi seule? 

— Non, monsieur, je voyage avec cette dame la-bas, 
au milieu du wagon; e'est ma tante. 

— Et quel age a votre tante? 

— Elle a vingt-neuf ans. 

— A-t-elle seulement vingt-neuf ans? 

— Je le pense. 

— Quel age avait-elle l'annee derniere? 

— Elle avait vingt-neuf ans. 

— Et l'annee avant? 

— Le m6me age; elle a tou jours vingt-neuf ans. 

203 



11. 

Une femme qui se piquait d' avoir le coeur extr&ne- 
ment tendre, reprochait un jour amerement a son 
boucher d'avoir pris une si odieuse profession. 

"Comment pouvez-vous, lui disait-elle, avoir la 
cruaute de mettre a mort ces pauvres agneaux?" 

"Madame, lui repondit le boucher etonne, est-ce 
que vous aimeriez mieux les manger vivants?" 

12. 

Franklin prenait plaisir a repeter une observation 
de son negre, auquel il avait defini, etant a Londres, 
ce que c'etait qu'un gentilhomme. 

"Maitre, lui disait l'Africain, le vent travaille, 
le feu travaille, la fumee travaille, les chiens travaillent, 
le boeuf travaille, le cheval travaille, l'homme travaille, 
tout travaille excepte le cochon: II mange, il boit, il 
dort, et ne fait rien de la journee; le cochon est done le 
seul gentilhomme de l'Angleterre." 

13. Pr over be. 
La conscience du juste est un miroir d'acier poli que 
ne peut ternir le souffle impur du mediant. 

14. 

La maitresse: Je dois vous dire tout d'abord, que je 
puis tout supporter, excepte qu'on me replique. 
— Nouvelle servante: Madame est exactement comme 
moi. Nous nous entendrons tres bien. 

15. 

L'un des plus grands acteurs francais de notre 
temps jouait un soir, dans une ville du midi, Don 
Cesar de Bazan, son triomphe. Tout-a-coup, la 
memoire lui manque et, malgre les efforts desesperes 
du souffleur, il s'arrlte. Des murmures et des coups 
de sifflet s' el event, et l'acteur, peu habitue a ce genre 
de traitement, se fache et lache tout haut le mot: 
Imbeciles! 

La salle bondit sous l'insulte: Des excuses, des 
excuses! crie-t-on de tous les c6tes. L'acteur refuse 
d'abord, puis, souriant, il s'avance au bord de la rampe; 
Messieurs, dit-il, je vous ai appeles imbeciles — e'est 
vrai; je vous en fais mes excuses — j'ai tort. 

204 



16. 

Dans beaucoup de maisons on passe la moitie de 
la soiree a prier les gens de chanter, et l'autre moitie 
a le regretter. 

17. 

Apprendre par coeur: 

L'amitie 

Sur terre toute chose 
A sa part de soleil. 
Toute epine a sa rose, 
Toute nuit son reveil. 

Pour le pre, Dieu fit l'herbe; 
Pour le champ, la moisson; 
Pour Tair, l'aigle superbe; 
Pour le nid, le buisson. 

Tout arbre a sa verdure; 
Toute abeille, son miel; 
Toute onde, son murmure; 
Toute tombe, son ciel. 

Dans ce monde, ou tout penche 
Vers un centre meilleur, 
La fleur est pour la branche, 
Et l'ami pour le coeur. 

Eugene de Loulay 

18. 

ALPHA ET OMEGA. 

Le commencement et la fin. 

Enfant, a votre premiere heure 
On vous sourit, et vous pleurez 
Puissiez-vous, quand vous partirez, 
Sourire, alors que Ton vous pleure. 

— Hugo — 

205 



31. LS DOCTEUR GUILLESPIE. 

Le docteur Guillespie etait bien connu par son laco- 
nisme. II detestait les longues consultations et les 
details inutiles et filandreux. Une dame, connaissant 
cette particularity, se presente chez lui pour le consulter 
sur une grave blessure qu'un chien lui avait faite au 
bras. Elle entre sans rien dire, decouvre la partie 
bless ee, et la place sous les yeux du docteur. M. 
Guillespie regarde un instant, puis il dit: "Egratig- 
nure? — Morsure. — Chat? — Chien. — Aujourd'hui? — 
Hier. — Douloureux? — Non." Le docteur fut si 
enthousiasme de cette conversation qu'il aurait presque 
embrasse la dame. 

32. FORCE EXTRAORDINAIRE. 

Le marechal de Saxe, voulant, un jour, donner une 
preuve de sa force a quelques personnes, entra chez un 
forgeron, sous le pretexte de faire ferrer son cheval, et 
comme il trouva plusieurs fers prepares: "N'en as-tu 
pas de meilleurs que ceux-ci?" dit-il a l'ouvrier. Celui- 
ci lui representa qu'ils etaient excellents; mais le ma- 
rechal en prit cinq ou six qu'il rompit successivement. 
Le forgeron admirait en silence; enfin le marechal fei- 
gnit d'en trouver un bon qui fut mis au pied du cheval. 
L'operation faite, il jeta un ecu de six livres sur l'en- 
clume. "Pardon, monsieur, dit le forgeron, je vous ai 
donne un bon fer, il faut me donner un bon ecu." 
En disant ces mots, il rompit l'ecu en deux, et en fit 
autant de quatre ou cinq autres que le marechal lui 
donna. "Mon ami, tu as raison, lui dit le comte; 
je n'ai que de mauvais ecus; mais voici un louis d'or 
qui, j'espere, sera bon." Le marechal convint qu'il 
avait trouve son maitre. 

33. UN PAYS EXTRAORDINAIRE. 

Un Espagnol en voyage passait, un jour d'hiver, dans 
un village du Brabant; plusieurs chiens aboyaient et 
couraient apres lui. II se baissa pour prendre une pierre 
et la leur jeter; mais il avait gele, et la pierre tenait si 
fortement qu'il ne put l'arracher; "Oh! le maudit pays, 
s'ecria-t-il en jurant, ou on lache les chiens et ou Ton 
attache les pierres." 

206 



34. 

Le fils d'un certain lord habitant le "West End" 
de Londres est frapp e d'une attaque dangereuse. Sa 
Seigneurie passe une depeche a une celebrite medicale, 
en ce moment a la campagne, lui disant que ses services 
sont requis. Au bout d'une demi-heure, l'enfant meurt 
et un second message est envoy e au docteur. Le 
lord ecrit: "Ne venez pas. Trop tard." Le tele- 
graphiste copie: "Ne venez pas trop tard." Vu 
l'urgence, le medecin part immediatement pour Londres 
et demande pour ses honoraires et frais la somme de 
£200. Refus du lord, proces et decision de la cour en 
faveur du medecin. 



35. 

— Ah! je vous trouve enfin; j'ai deux mots a vous dire! 
Les souliers que vous m'avez vendus la semaine 
derniere, pour mon petit gargon, sont deja a moitie 
uses et j'ai trouve un epais morceau de carton entre 
les semelles! Qu'avez-vous a. repondre a cela? — C'est 
tout simplement dans TinterSt des pratiques. Nous 
mettons le carton pour empScher le pied de toucher le 
sol quand le cuir est use. Vous ne voulez pas que votre 
enfant prenne froid et qu'il devenne poitrinaire, 
n'est-ce pas? 

36. 

Un professeur de clinique interroge un malade 
atteint d'une maladie de poitrine. — Quelle est votre 
metier? — Musicien, Monsieur le Docteur. — Alors le 
professeur, se tournant vers ses el eves, leur dit: — Voici 
enfin, messieurs, la demonstration de ce que je vous ai 
dit si souvent, a savoir, que la fatigue causee a l'ap- 
pareil respiratoire par Taction de souffler dans un 
instrument de musique peut causer de graves maladies. 
— Puis s'adressant de nouveau au malade: Et quel 
instrument jouez-vous? — Le violon, Docteur! — Tab- 
leau! 

207 



37. 

Un valet recoit de son maitre l'ordre de prendre les 
lettres qu'il trouvera sur son bureau, et de les jeter a la 
poste. II y en avait trois, dont une n'avait pas d'a- 
dresse. Le valet les jette toutes trois k la poste. 
Puis le maitre s'apercevant de la sottise, et lui deman- 
dant pourquoi il avait jete a la poste une lettre qui 
n'avait pas d'adresse: 

"Je croyais, repond le valet, que vous ne vouliez pas 
qu'on sut a qui vous 1'adressiez." 



38. UN BON CONSEIL. 

La scene se passe dans un omnibus a Paris. Deux 
vieilles dames sont assises Tune a c6t6 de l'autre. 
L'une veut que la portiere soit fermee, l'autre la veut 
ouverte. On appelle le conducteur pour decider la 
question. "Monsieur, dit la premiere, si cette fenStre 
reste ouverte, je suis sure d'attraper un rhume qui 
m'emportera. — Monsieur, si on la ferme, dit l'autre, 
je suis certaine de mourir d'un coup d'apoplexie." Le 
conducteur ne savait que faire, lorsqu'un vieux mon- 
sieur, qui jusque la s'etait tenu tranquille dans un 
coin de la voiture, le tira d'embarras. "Ouvrez done 
la portiere, mon cher ami, cela fera mourir l'une, puis 
vous la fermerez, cela nous debarrassera de l'autre, 
et nous aurons la paix." 

Cest Hen Vhomme 

18. Le Distrait 

Un homme qui 6tait souvent distrait 6crivit la 
lettre suivante a un de ses amis: ^ "Mon cher ami, 
j'ai oublie ma canne chez vous; faites-moi le plaisir 
de me la renvoyer par le porteur de ce billet." Au 
moment de cacheter la lettre, il trouva sa canne et 
ajouta en postscriptum: "Je viens de trouver ma 
canne, ne prenez pas la peine de la chercher. , ' Puis 
il ferme sa lettre et l'envoie. 

208 



19. 

On demandait a Moliere pourquoi, dans certains pays, 
le roi pouvait prendre les r£nes du gouvernement a 
quatorze ans, tandis qu'il ne pouvait se marier qu'a 
dix-huit. "C'est, repondit-il, qu' une femme est plus 
difficile a gouverner qu'un royaume." 

20. 
Charles, s'ecria une femme, en poussant du coude son 
ben£t de mari, juste au moment ou il allait s'endormir, 
je suis sure d'avoir entendu du bruit en bas; ce sont des 
voleurs. Levez-vous tout de suite, Charles, et voyez 
ce que c'est. Mais, a propos, mon ami, si ce sont des 
voleurs, qu'allez-vous faire? — Que vais-je faire? re- 
peta le mari avec un grand calme, tout en se preparant 
a descendre. Mais, naturellement, je ferai ce qu'ils 
voudront! Je n'ai jamais pu faire ce que je veux dans 
cette maison, et c'est un peu tard, il me semble, pour 
commencer a present. 

21. 
Oh les femmes! 
— Je suis all6e vous voir, ma chere, et vous etiez sortie. 
■ — J 'en suis bien fUchee; j'ai ete faire des emplettes. 
— J'aurais voulu §tre a votre place. Que vous §tes 
heureuse! vous avez du avoir joliment du plaisir. 
— Au contraire, je suis furieuse. J'ai trouve ce que je 
voulais dans la premiere boutique ou je suis entree! 

22. 
La nuit derniere au cimetiere de St. Ouen, un mon- 
sieur prononcait un discours funebre. — Notre pauvre 
ami a ete enlev6 subitement laissant une veuve igee 
de vingt-quatre ans . . . — Pardon, vingt-deux seulement, 
replique vivement la veuve. 

23. 
m Ne me parlez pas de vos societes d'assurances sur la 
vie, s'ecriait une bonne femme indignee: ca n'est bon 
a rien! _ Quand mon pauvre mari etait sur son lit de 
mort, je demandai a une compagnie d'assurances 
d'envoyer quelqu'un pour assurer immediatement la 
vie du malade. Croiriez-vous qu'ils ont eu la cruaute 
de ne m'envoyer personne? 

209 



24. 

M. Edison, le grand inventeur amiricain, recut, il y a 
quelques jours, une lettre que lui ecrivait une demoi- 
selle et dans laquelle elle lui demandait s'il ne pourrait 
pas inventer une machine au moyen de laquelle elle 
pourrait voir son futur mari. 



25. 

L'enfant terrible. 

Madame Rose: Tiens! voila le petit Leon! comment 
va ta maman, mon petit? — Leon: Tres bien, merci, 
Madame. En sortant de chez nous, elle allait vous 
faire visite. — Madame Rose: Ah! quel ennui! elle 
aurait bien du penser que je serais sortie par un temps 
aussi superbe. — Leon: Justement. Elle a dit, — II y a 
dix a parier contre un qu'elle ne sera pas chez elle. 



26. 

Le maitre. — Eh bien! Dupont, vous n'avez pas 
encore resolu ce probl erne?— Dupont: II est trop 
difficile pour moi, monsieur. — Le maitre: Quel age 
avez-vous? — Dupont: Seize ans, monsieur. — Le maitre: 
Seize ans, et vous ne pouvez pas resoudre un probl erne 
aussi facile? Savez- vous bien qu'a votre age Washing- 
ton elait deja geometre? 

L' el eve ne repondit pas. Apres la classe, un de ses 
camarades lui demanda si Washington s'etait, a Tage 
de seize ans, distingue de quelque autre maniere. — Tout 
ce que je sais, dit le gamin, c'est qu'a mon &ge il 6tait 
geometre et president des Etats Unis a l'&ge de notre 
maitre. 

21. 

L'epine et la rose! 

Ce qu'une femme sait faire le mieux, apres une 
blessure, c'est de la charpie. 

Barbey d'Aurevilly. 

210 



Vive la France ! — May France live long! 

28. 

Le soldat francais 

"Le soldat francais connait la mort, ca ne lui fait 
pas peur. Pourvu qu'un le tue, il est content: mais 
il hait qu'on le laisse mourir." 

Soulie. 
29. 
Honneur et Patrie 

"Gloire a not re France eternelle! 
Gloire a ceux qui sont morts pour elle! 
Aux martyrs! Aux vaillants! Aux forts! 
A ceux qu'enflamme leur exemple, 
Qui veulent place dans le temple, 
Et qui mourront comme ils sont morts!" 

Victor Hugo. 
30. 
Impossible n'est pas francais 

Napoleon donne un jour a un jeune lieutenant un 
ordre difficile a executer. 

L'ofricier h6site et murmure: "Sire, l'execution de 
cet ordre est impossible " 

"Impossible!" crie Napoleon furieux, "impossible! 
ce mot n'est pas francais." 

39.— Le Poete. 

Chasser tout souvenir et fixer la pensee, 
Sur un bel axe d'or la tenir balancee, 
Incertaine, inquiete, immobile pourtant; 
Eterniser peut-6tre un r^ve d'un instant; 
Aimer le vrai, le beau, chercher leur harmonie; 
ficouter dans son coeur Techo de son genie; 
Chanter, rire, pleurer, seul, sans but, au hasard; 
D'un sourire, d'un mot, d'un soupir, d'un regard 
Faire un travail exquis, plein de crainte et de charme, 

Faire une perle d'une larme: 
Du poete ici-bas voila la passion, 
Voila son bien, sa vie et son ambition. 

Alfred de Musset. 
211 



LA MARSEILLAISE 

The French National hymn, composed at Strassburg 
in 1792 by Rouge t de l'lsle, was sung for the first time in 
Paris by volunteers coming from Marseilles, hence its 
name. 



Allons, enfants de la Patrie, 
Le jour de gloire est arrive! 
Contre nous de la tyrannie 
L'etendard sanglant est lev 6 (bis) 
Entendez-vous dans les campagnes 
Mugir ces f eroces soldats? 
lis viennent j usque dans nos bras 
Egorger nos fils, nos compagnes. 

Aux armes, citoyens! 
Formez vos bataillons! 
Marchons! Marchons! 
Qu'un sang impur 
Abreuve nos 'sillons! 

Que veut cette horde d'esclaves, 
De traitres, de rois conjures? 
Pour qui ces ignobles entraves, 
Ces fers des longtemps prepares? (bis) 
Francais, pour nous, ah! quel outrage! 
Quels transports il doit exciter! 
C'est nous qu'on ose mediter 
De rendre a l'antique esclavage! 

Aux armes, etc. 

Quoi! ces cohortes etrangeres 
Feraient la loi dans nos foyers! 
Quoi! ces phalanges mercenaires 
Terrasseraient nos fiers guerriers! (bis) 
Grand Dieu! par des mains enchain ees 
Nos fronts sous le joug se ploiraient! 
De vils despotes deviendraient 
Les maitres de nos destinees! 

Aux armes, etc. 
212 



Tremblez tyrans! et vous, perfides, 
L'opprobre de tons les partis, 
Tremblez! vos projets parricides 
Vont enfin recevoir leur prix! (bis) 
Tout est soldat pour vous combattre. 
S'ils tombent, nos jeunes heros, 
La France en produit de nouveaux, 
Contre vous tout pr6ts a se battre! 

Aux armes, etc. 

Frangais, en guerriers magnanimes, 
Portez ou retenez vos coups! 
Epargnez ces tristes victimes, 
A regret s'armant contre nous, (bis) 
Mais ces despotes sanguinaires, 
Mais ces complices de Bouille, 
Tous ces tigres qui, sans pitie, 
Dechirent le sein de leur mere! 

Aux armes, etc. 

Amour sacre de la Patrie, 

Conduis, soutiens nos bras vengeurs! 

Libert e, Libert e cherie, 

Combats avec tes defenseurs! (bis) 

Sous nos drapeaux, que la victoire 

Accoure a tes miles accents! 

Que tes ennemis expirants 

Voient ton triomphe et notre gloire! 

Aux armes, etc. 

Nous entrerons dans la carriere 
Quand nos aines n'y seront plus; 
Nous y trouverons leur poussiere 
Et la trace de leurs vertus. (bis) 
Bien moins jaloux de leur survivre 
Que de partager leur cercueil. 
Nous aurons le sublime orgueil 
De les venger ou de les suivre! 

Aux armes, etc. 
213 



28. 
LA GERBE DE TOMMY. 

En mil-neuf-cent-quinze, a Rouen... Sous un ciel 

bleme. 
Devant une fleuriste un Tommy s'arrSta. 
Sans doute il veut des fieurs pour la femme qu'il aime 
Pensa-t-elle en voyant son air un peu b£ta. 

De tous ses mimosas, elle fit une gerbe: 
Plus elle en ajoutait, plus il criait; "Encor!" 
Et Tommy repartit flegmatique, superbe, 
Portant son mimosa comme un panache d'or. 

On disait: "Ces Anglais vraiment font des folies!" 
Les femmes chuchotaient : "Dame, c'est le printemps, 
Et, dans notre pays es filles sont jolies, 
Et ce galant Tommy n'a pas plus de vingt ans." 

"C'est egal, tant de fieurs pour une demoiselle. 
C'est, c'est beaucoup trop, e'en est pretentieux! 
II faut qu'elle soit belle, impertinemment belle, 
Car pour une princesse on ne ferait pas mieux." 

Enfin chaque passant trouvait un mot a dire. 
Mais, le petit Tommy, par son reve conduit, 
Passait indifferent avec un doux sourire 
Et la gerbe d'Amour qu'il serrait contre lui. 

Place du Vieux March e, Tommy, la tite nue, 
Comme les gentlemen qu'on voit dans Hyde Park, 
Simplement s'arr^ta devant une statue 
Et deposa la gerbe aux pieds de Jeanne d'Arc. 

Lucien Boyer. 



214 



Exercice de lecture 
L'HOMME PRIMITIF 

II existe une grande di- 
vergence d 'opinions sur V 
origine de l'homme, et la 
cause de la difference des 
races qui composent l'es- 
pece. 

On a pense d'abord 
qu'on devait attribuer au 
climat la difference de 
couleur, mais l'observa- 
tion a prouve qu'il n'a 
qu'une faible influence. 
Les Juif s par exemple ont 
conserve leur complexion 
distincte et originaire par 
tous les climat s qu'ils ont 
habit es bien que disperses 
depuis 2,000 ans. 

Cependant, la couleur 
etant la distinction la plus 
apparente, on divise l'es- 
pece humaine comme il 
suit : — 

1. L'homme blanc 

2. L'homme cuivre 

3. L'homme jaune 

4. L'homme noir 

Tous possedent de 1 'in- 
telligence mais chez le 
premier I'instruction a 
consid enablement aug- 
ment e sa part. 

Outre cette difference de 
couleur, la forme, la struc- 
ture de certaines races 
d'hommes different aut- 
ant que celles des animaux 
entre elles. 



Reading Exercise 
PRIMITIVE MAN 

There exists a great di- 
versity of opinion on the 
origin of man, and the 
cause of the difference of 
the races which compose 
the species. 

It was at first thought 
that the difference of color 
was attributable to climate 
but observation has proved 
that it has but little in- 
fluence. The Jews for in- 
stance have preserved their 
peculiar and original com- 
plexion in all the climates 
in which they have lived, 
although scattered 2,000 
years ago. 

However, colour being 
the most striking distinc- 
tion the human race is 
divided as follows: 

1. the white man 

2. the copper coloured 

3. the yellow 

4. the black 

All are possessed of in- 
telligence but, with the first, 
education has considerably 
increased his share. 

Besides this difference 
of colour, the form and 
structure of certain races of 
men differ as much as those 
of the lower animals. 



215 



Cependant, a l'excep- 
tion de quelques races, le 
temps a tellement mele 
Tespece humaine que la 
plupart des nations sont 
un compose de toutes les 
autres et de nos jours le 
progres de la civilisation 
contribue a cette fusion 
plus que jamais. Ce me- 
lange tend a ameliorer 
l'espece humaine. 

Etre faible, l'liomme se 
servit de son instinct, a 
1'imitation des autres ani- 
maux; il chercha son asile 
dans les cavernes. 

Ne nu, il trouva utile de 
se couvrir de feuillage 
et de se v§tir des de- 
pouilles des animaux dont 
il se nourrissait. Pro- 
gressivement il eleva son 
habitation au-dessus de la 
terre jusqu'a ce qu'il fut 
parvenu a construire sa 
demeure avec elegance. 

De la m&ne maniere, en 
combinant des mat6riaux 
fibreux, il est arrive pro- 
gressivement a manu- 
facturer des etoffes pour 
vehement. 

Formant des societes, 
l'homme s'est bient6t 
adonne a I'agriculture et 
aux autres travaux. La 
necessite d'abord, V edu- 
cation ensuite ont de- 
velopp6 les ressources de 
son intelligence; enfin par 
de longs et constants 



Nevertheless, with the 
exception of some races, 
time has so blended the 
human species, that the 
majority of nations are a 
mixture of all the others and 
in our own days the progress 
of civilization contributes to 
this fusion more than ever. 
This mixture tends to im- 
prove the human species. 

A weak creature, man 
employed his instinct in 
imitating the other animals; 
he sought shelter in the 
caves. 

Born naked, he found it 
useful to cover himself with 
leaves and to clothe himself 
with the skins of animals 
upon which he fed. B,y 
degrees he raised his dwel- 
ling above the ground until 
he succeeded in construc- 
ting his habitation with 
elegance. 

In the same manner, by 
combining fibrous mater- 
ials, he arrived by degrees at 
the manufacture of stuffs 
for clothing. 

Forming societies, man 
soon devoted himself to 
agriculture and to other 
industrial occupations. 
Necessity at first, education 
afterwards, developed all 
the resources of his in- 
telligence; and at length, 
by long and continued 



216 



efforts il est parvenu a efforts, he has succeeded in 
realiser les grands pro- arriving at the great pro- 
gres de notre 6poque. gress of our epoch. 



LIBERTE, EGALITE, FRATERNITE 
Nos droits et nos devoirs 

Les droits du citoyen francais, reconnus depuis 
1789, sont inscrits dans la declaration des droits de 
rhomme et du citoyen. 

Le citoyen frangais a toutes les libertes, liberte de 
conscience, liberte de parole et de presse, liberte de 
reunion et d 'association. 

Cet ensemble constitue la liberte qui ne connait 
d'autres limites que celles qui lui sont assignees par 
la loi. 

Tout citoyen a l'egalite devant l'imp6t, l'egalite 
devant la loi, l'egalite devant le service militaire, 
c'est-a-dire la veritable egalite. 

A la liberte et a l'egalite s'ajoute, pour completer la 
noble devise republicaine, la fraternite, qui impose au 
citoyen de graves devoirs sociaux. Ces devoirs se 
r esument dans la belle f ormule : "vivre pour antral." 

Autrui, c'est la patrie d'abord et apres la patrie, 
l'humanite. 

CSsar Dussault. 



217 



INDEX 

Page 

Index 218 

" 219 

<c 220 

" 221 

"■' 222 

Preface 5 

The Alphabet . ll 

Pronunciation — Phonetics 

Consonants 12 

Vowels 15 

Dipthongs 16 

Nasals 17 

Emphasis 19 

Division of syllables 19 

Pronunciation Drills 46 

Orthographical Sounds 

Accents 19 

Apostrophe 19 

Cedilla 19 

Linking (Liaison) 19 

1000 Words Alike in English and in French 32 

Idioms 196 

Formal Letters and Invitations .... 197 

Anecdotes, Short Stories, Poems ... 200 

La Marseillaise . 212 

National French Anthem 
Different Topics Treated 

The Class Room 24 



218 



INDEX— Continued 

Colours 24 

The Room and Furniture 28 

Dimensions 36 

French Money and American Equivalent . 58 

The Numbers 28 

Continued 61 

Continued 102 

The Clock, The Watch 65 

The hour, the time 

Nationalities . 68 

The Seasons 70 

The Date 70 

The Weather 71 

The Days of the Week 71 

The Months of the Year 71 

The Human Body 79 

Articles of Toilet 86 

Wearing Apparel 93 

The Family 101 

Youth— Old Age 102 

Public Buildings 116 

Professions and Art 122 

Public Functions 122 

Commerce, Banking, Trades 128 

A Commercial House 131 

Merchandise 131 

Means of Transportation 136 

Animals, Flowers, Trees 141 

The Hotel 145 

The Market (Food) 149 

The Restaurant 152 

219 



INDEX— Continued 

A French Menu ........ 157 

The City 158 

Grammar 

The Definite Article 20 

The Indefinite Article 20 

French Genders at a Glance 21 

Plural of Nouns 22 

Adjectives 38 

Rules Concerning the Possessor . . . 117 

Adverbs of Place 34 

The Comparative 36 

The Superlative 45 

Possessive Pronouns 107 

Possessive Adjectives 109 

Demonstrative Pronouns 113 

Demonstrative Adjectives 113 

Prepositions of direction 116 

du, de la, de les, au, a la, aux 

Personal Pronouns 135 

Peculiar Use 

Prepositions 136 

Verbs 

fetre — to be 

Affirmative Form 68 

Negative Form 80 

Avoir — to have ........ 85 

Aller — to go 85 

1st conjugation 

Present Indicative 84 

Past, and Immediate Future 85 

220 



INDEX— Continued 

Devoir — to owe, to be obliged .... 86 

Venir — to come 116 

Pouvoir — to be able 117 

Vouloir — to want, to wish 117 

The past participle 

of all four conjugations 131 

Verbs of Movement (conjugated with itre) 132 

Acheter — to buy 149 

Vendre — to sell 150 

The Imperative 180 

Appendix of 500 Verbs 

1st conjugation 164 

2nd conjugation 173 

3rd conjugation 174 

4th conjugation 177 

Irregular Verbs 193 

Impersonal Verbs 181 

in all tenses 

The Subjunctive 183 

Reflective Verbs 186 

Table of Verbs 

Compilation of the Most Important . 188 

Themes 

Theme 1 42 

2 67 

3 82 

4 90 

5 98 

6 Ill 

7 118 

221 



INDEX— Continued 

8 . . . 133 

9 140 

Conversations 

The Weather 73 

To Enquire One's Way 99 

At the Post-Office 114 

At the Theatre 119 

A Journey by train 138 

The Choice of a Profession 125 

At the Zoological Gardens 143 

At the Hotel 147 

At the Table 155 

At the Book-store 160 



222 



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